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Physiology 201 Lab > Axial muscles > Flashcards

Axial muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of muscle attachments

A

Origin and Insertion

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2
Q

Define origin

A

nonmoving point of attachment when a muscle contracts

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3
Q

Define insertion

A

moves toward the origin. Majority of tension developed when a muscle contracts is focused here

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4
Q

Types of muscle movement

A

agonist, synergist, antagonist, fixator

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5
Q

Define agonist

A

prime mover

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6
Q

define synergist

A

helps the agonist

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7
Q

define antagonist

A

works against the agonist

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8
Q

define fixator

A

stabilizes the origin of the prime mover. efficiency

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9
Q

Name the muscles on the face, head, and neck

A

frontalis, occipitalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, platysma

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10
Q

Action of frontalis

A

raises eyebrow

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11
Q

action of occipitalis

A

draws scalp posterior

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12
Q

action of orbicularis oris

A

puckers mouth to kiss

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13
Q

actions of orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye in blinking

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14
Q

actions of zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip to expose teeth

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15
Q

Actions of zygomaticus major

A

pulls corners of mouth to smile

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16
Q

Actions of platysma

A

depresses lower lip and mandible, tenses neck skin

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17
Q

Actions of temporalis

A

elevates and retracts the mandible

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18
Q

Actions of masseter

A

elevates, protracts and retracts the mandible

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19
Q

Name the muscles that move the vertebral column

A

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, erector spinae (iliocostalis group, longissimus group, spinalis group)

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20
Q

Actions of rectus abdominis

A

flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

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21
Q

Actions of external oblique

A
  • if one side: rotation of trunk

- if both sides, flexion of vertebral column -> compression of abs

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22
Q

Actions of internal oblique

A

same as external oblique

  • rotation of trunk if one side
  • flexion of vc -> compressed abs if both
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23
Q

Actions of transverse abdominus

A

During contraction, it compresses the abdomen

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24
Q

Actions of erector spinae

A
  • if one side: muscles laterally flex and rotate vc

- if both : muscles extend vc and maintain erect posture

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25
Q

Name the muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals

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26
Q

Actions of diaphragm

A

during inspiration, diaphragm moves downward in thoracic cavity, increasing the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the thorax

27
Q

Actions of external intercostals

A

contraction pulls ribs up and together to expand the size of throat during forced inspiration

28
Q

Actions of internal intercostals

A

contraction pulls ribs down and together to decrease size of throat during forced expiration

29
Q

Name the muscles that move the pectoral girdle

A

Pectoralis minor, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior

30
Q

Actions of pectoralis minor

A

depresses and protracts the scapula

31
Q

Actions of trapezius

A

superior portion elevates scapula and clavicle and extends the head; middle portion adducts scapula; inferrior portion depresses scapula

32
Q

Actions of levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

33
Q

Actions of rhomboid major

A

elevates, adducts and inferiorly rotates the scapula

34
Q

Actions of rhomboid minor

A

elevates, adducts and inferiorly rotates the scapula

35
Q

Actions of serratus anterior

A

abducts scapula and rotates it superiorly; “boxer’s muscle” w punching motion

36
Q

Name the muscles that move the arm

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis

37
Q

Actions of Pectoralis major

A

flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm

38
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

adducts, extends and medially rotates the arm

39
Q

Actions of deltoid

A

medial fibers abduct the arm, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

40
Q

Actions of supraspinatus

A

abducts the arm

41
Q

Actions of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates and adducts the arm

42
Q

Actions of teres major

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm

43
Q

Actions of teres minor

A

extends and laterally rotates the arm

44
Q

Actions of subscapularis

A

medially rotates the arm

45
Q

Name the muscles that move the forearm

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, pronator teres

46
Q

Actions of biceps brachii

A

flexes and supinates the forearm!!!!! flexes arm

47
Q

Actions of brachialis

A

flexes forearm

48
Q

Actions of brachioradialis

A

flexes forearm

49
Q

Actions of triceps brachii

A

extends forearm and arm

50
Q

Actions of pronator teres

A

pronates and flexes forearm

51
Q

Name the muscles that move the hand

A

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorium profundus, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

52
Q

Actions of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts hand

53
Q

Actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts hand

54
Q

Actions of palmaris longus

A

flexes the hand

55
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes digits and hand

56
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes digits and hand

57
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum

A

extends the digits and hand

58
Q

Actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts hand

59
Q

Actions of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extends and abducts hand

60
Q

Actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extends and abducts hand

61
Q

Actions of extensor digiti minimi

A

extends digits and hand

62
Q

Actions of abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts and extends thumb/pollicis and abducts hand

63
Q

Actions of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends thumb/pollicis and abducts the hand

Physiology 201 Lab (36 decks)

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