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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

connection of nerves

A

pons

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2
Q

nerve fiber cross over; life center

A

medulla oblongata

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3
Q

thinking, personality, sensations, movement, memory

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

relay station for sensory impulses, control of awareness, consciousness

A

thalamus

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5
Q

body temp, sleep, appetite, emotions, pituitary control

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

coordination of voluntary movements

A

cerebellum

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7
Q

thought processes, behavior, personality, emotion

A

frontal lobe

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8
Q

language expression

A

broca area

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9
Q

hearing, understanding, speech, language

A

temporal lobe

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10
Q

language comprehension

A

Wernicke area

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11
Q

vision

A

occipital lobe

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12
Q

body sensations, visual and special perception

A

parietal lobe

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13
Q

accumulation of CSF in the brain
enlarged head and small face
usually in children
infection or tumor blocking ventricle in adults

A

hydrocephalus

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14
Q

to remove pressure on the brain

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

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15
Q

patch of hair, mole or dimple, no functional disability, posterior vertebrae have not fused

A

spina bifida occulta

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16
Q

external protruding sac containing meninges and CSF

A

spina bifida cystica with meningocele

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17
Q

external protruding sac containing meninges, CSF and spinal cord associated with paralysis and hydrocephalus

A

spina bifida cystica with myelomeningocele

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18
Q

when does spina bifida occur and to the deficiency of what vitamin

A

4 weeks into pregnancy

folic acid

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19
Q

chronic progressive disorder with 50% of demensia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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20
Q

age group of alzheimer’s

A

65+

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21
Q

Slow Progressive impairment of intellectual function that may compromise language and memory, visuospatial skill, behavior and personality, and cognition (e.g. calculation, abstraction, judgment)

A

Alzheimer’s

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22
Q

autopsy reveals what in alzheimer’s

A

neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits/tangles

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23
Q

the kind of memory loss in alzheimer’s

A

short and long term (anterograde and retrograde)

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24
Q

loss of expression, language comprehension issues (aphasia), thought disorders, problem solving difficulties, can’t concentrate or socialize

A

alzheimer’s

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25
Q

where ALS effects in the nervous system

A

upper and lower motor neuron degeneration

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26
Q

unexplained weight loss, feel pain, mind is with it, limb weakness, difficulty swallowing and slurred speech, muscle atrophy, hyperactive deep tension reflexes

A

amylotrophic lateral sclerosis

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27
Q

what ALS spares

A

oculomotor, sensory, and autonomic functions

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28
Q

abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain causing a transient disturbance of cerebral function

A

seizure

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29
Q

hand constantly shaking in a seizure, conscious preserved

A

partial, simple

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30
Q

entire body shaking in a seizure, conscious impared

A

partial, complex

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31
Q

seizure limited to a part of a cerebral hemisphere

A

partial seizure

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32
Q

sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, tonic contractions, clonic contractions ,postictal state of confusion/sleep, preceded by an aura,

A

grand mal/ tonic clonic seizures/ ictal events

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33
Q

twitching or jerking movements of the limbs

A

clonic

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34
Q

muscle stiffening

A

tonic contractions

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35
Q

dizziness, numbness, and visual or olfactory disturbances preceding a seizure

A

aura

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36
Q

minor form of seizure, momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings

A

absence seizures

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37
Q

weakness after seizures

A

postictal event

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38
Q

pusing in whatever theyre doing, confision, and memory problems

A

complex partial seizure in a temporal lobe epileptic

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39
Q

seizure lasting more than 30 minutes without recovery

A

status epilepticus

40
Q

contralateral postictal paralysis, persistent weakness less than 24 hours after seizure

A

Todd’s paralysis

41
Q

dementia and chorea with gradual onset and slow progress

A

Huntington disease

42
Q

random and involuntary muscle jerking

A

chorea

43
Q

chromosome 4, autosomal dominant

A

Huntington disease

44
Q

dysphagia, dysarthria, loss of short term memory, impaired judgement, intellectual declide, emotional disturbances, depression, anxiety, delusion, aggressiveness, urinary and bowel incontinence

A

Huntington disease

45
Q

inflammatory progressive demyelination of white matter in brain and spinal cord

A

multiple sclerosis

46
Q

age of onset of MS

A

less than 55

47
Q

weakness, numbness, tingling, unsteadiness, spastic, paraparesis, diplopia, sphincter disturbances (urgency or hesitation), optic atrophy, sensory loss, ataxia, hyperreflexic, remission and relapses

A

MS

48
Q

disorder of neuromuscular junction from a pure motor syndrom

A

myasthenia gravis

49
Q

weakness and fatigue of the extra ocular, pharyngeal, facial, cervical, proximal limb, and respiratory musculature

A

myasthenia gravis

50
Q

autoimmune disorder, antibodies block ACh from neural transmission

A

myasthenia gravis

51
Q

ptosis, diplopia, facial weakness, fatigue chewing, dysphagia and dysarthria, dysphonia, neck and proximal limb weakness, respiratory weakness

A

myasthenia gravis

52
Q

damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth

A

cerebral palsy

53
Q

unilateral facial paralysis secondary to a problem with CN 7, complete recovery possible

A

Bell’s palsy

54
Q

chronic, degenerative basal ganglia disease

A

parkinson’s

55
Q

tremor, muscular weakness, rigidity, shuffling gait, postural instability

A

parkinson’s

56
Q

Parkinson’s aka…

A

paralysis agitans

57
Q

mask face, infrequent blinking, positive Myerson sign, pill-rolling, bradykinesia, possible decreased intellectual function

A

parkinson’s

58
Q

repetitive tapping on the bridge of the nose produces a sustained blink

A

Myerson sign

59
Q

motor and vocal tics, involuntary, brief, repetitive,

A

Tourette syndrome

60
Q

painful unilateral dermatomal eruption, reactivation of chickenpox, prodromal phase, tingling, itching, knifelike pain, fatigue, malaise, headache, fever, dermatomal rash, weakness, erythrematous and maculopapular rash to grouped vesicles

A

shinges (herpes zoster)

61
Q

neurologic complications from HIV

A

HIV encephalopathy

62
Q

ADC

A

Aids dementia complex

63
Q

most common type of brain tumor and most common cause of new onset seizure in middle age

A

glioblastoma

64
Q

survival time of glioblastoma

A

less than 1/5 survive over 1 year

65
Q

hemiparesis, vision changes, seizure, confusion, obtundation, headache

A

glioblastoma

66
Q

benign tumor arising from arachnoid cells, asymptomatic sometimes, hemiparesis, seizures, headache, sphincter disorder

A

meningiomas

67
Q

patient with loss of conscious for ____ should be seen at hospital

A

> 2 minutes

68
Q

no evidence of structural damage with head injury

A

concussion

69
Q

skull fracture, cerebral edema, increased ICP head injury

A

contusion

70
Q

bruising around the orbit

A

raccoon sign

71
Q

blood in external auditory meatus

A

battle sign

72
Q

raccoon sign, battle sign, CSF leakage from ear or nose, cranial nerve palsies

A

basilar skull fracture

73
Q

tear of veins between dura and arachnoid membrane, blunt trauma

A

subdural hematoma

74
Q

progressive change in mental status, focal neurological signs with or without LOC, headache, hemiparesis, unretractive pupil, ophthalmoplegia, possible seizure

A

subdural hematoma

75
Q

tear of the middle meningeal artery of venous sinus between skull and dura

A

epidural hematoma

76
Q

lethal, transient recovery of consciousness, progressive obtundation, gradual decline of mental status until comatose, concave blood clot

A

epidural hematoma

77
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

78
Q

suddenly developing neurological deficit related to impaired cerebral blood flow

A

stroke

79
Q

carotid atherosclerosis, hypercoaguabe states, oral contraceptives, HTN, drugs

A

cerebrovascular accident/ stroke

80
Q

HTN, DM, hypercoaguable, family history

A

stroke risk factors

81
Q

neurological deficits caused by ischemia <24 hours

A

transient cerebral ischemia (TIA)

82
Q

commonly at carotid bifurcation, possibly of ulcerated plaque, migrating to the brain and causing ____… TIA

A

embolus formation

83
Q

rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve disease, cardia arrhythmia, atrial myxoma… TIA

A

hematologic causes

84
Q

onset abrupt and without warning, recovery rapid, vertebrobasilar ischemia and carotid artery ischemia

A

transient cerebral ischemia

85
Q

severe, reoccurring, unilateral, vascular, headache

A

migraine

86
Q

pulsatile, onset abrupt, unilateral, NV, duration (4-72 hours) POUND

A

migraine

87
Q

produces 70% of CSF

A

choroid plexus

88
Q

amount of CSF present at each time; amount produced daily

A

90-150ml; 500ml

89
Q

CSF withdrawn between two lumbar vertebrae

A

lumbar puncture

90
Q

X ray imaging of arterial blood vessels in brain, contrast injected,

A

cerebral angiography

91
Q

better for acute hemorrhage or subarachnoid space of brain

A

CT!

92
Q

best for posterior fossa tumars and brain stem glioma and spinal cord

A

MRI

93
Q

three dimensional image of function processes in body, nuclear injection, aided by CT performed at the same time

A

positron emission tomography

94
Q

sound waves detect blood flow in carotid and intracranial arteries

A

Doppler ultrasound

95
Q

measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

96
Q

specialized instruments to target specific areas of brain, gamma knife

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

97
Q

precise radiation therapy to treat brain tumors, non-surgical, treats tumor tissue and arteriovenous malformations (AVM)-causes strokes in young people

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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