Chapter 17- Sense Organs: The Eye and The Ear Flashcards
1
Q
Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens and the pupil constricts. When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates
A
accomodation
2
Q
area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.
A
anterior chamber
3
Q
fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. A humor is any body fluid, including blood and lymph.
A
aqueous humor
4
Q
consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body.
A
biconvex
5
Q
middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera
A
choroid
6
Q
structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It secretes aqueous humor.
A
ciliary body
7
Q
photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision.
A
cone
8
Q
delecate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.
A
conjunctiva
9
Q
fibrous transparent laer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
A
cornea
10
Q
tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision
A
fovea centralis
11
Q
posterior, inner part of the eye
A
fundus of the eye
12
Q
pigmented layer that opens and clsoes to allow more or less light into the eye.
A
iris
13
Q
central opening of the iris
A
pupil
14
Q
transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. Bends light rays to bring them into focus on the retina
A
lens
15
Q
yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis
A
macula
16
Q
point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
A
optic chiasm
17
Q
region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It’s a blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods and cones and thus is insensitive to light
A
optic disc
18
Q
cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain
A
optic nerve
19
Q
central opening of the eye surrounded by the irus through which light rays pass. appears dark
A
pupil
20
Q
bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.
A
refraction
21
Q
light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
A
retina
22
Q
photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
A
rod
23
Q
tough white outer coat of the eyeball
A
sclera
24
Q
relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex
A
thalamus
25
soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
vitreous humor
26
water
aqueo
27
eyelid
blepharo / palpebro
28
inflammation of the eyelid causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins
blepharitis
29
conjunctiva
conjunctivo
30
pinkeye: blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen, bacterial infection, or virus
allergic, bacterial, viral CONJUNCTIVITIS
31
pupil
coro / pupillo
32
indication of enurologic injury or disease
anisocoria
33
cornea
corneo / kerato
34
scratch of the eye
corneal abrasion
35
ciliary body or other muscle of the eye
cyclo
36
cycloplegic
paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye so unable to accomodate
37
tears, tear duct
dacryo / lacrimo
38
inflammation of the tear duct
dacryoadenitis
39
iris
iro / irido
40
pain, sensitivity to light, lacrimation
iritis
41
pertaining to the iris
iridic
42
a portion of the iris is removed to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body
iridectomy
43
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
44
to produce tear
lacrimation
45
pertaining to tears
lacrimal
46
eye
oculo / ophthalmo
47
intraocular
within the eye
48
medical doctor who specializes in disorders of the eye
ophthalmologist
49
pertaining to the eye
ophthalmic
50
paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles
ophthalmoplegia
51
eye, vision
opto/ optico
52
pertaining to vision
optic
53
nonmedical professional who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses, doctor of optometry (OD)
optometrist
54
nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not prescribe lenses
optician
55
pertaining to the eyelid
palpebral
56
increased intracrainial pressure and hyperemia in the region of the optic disc
papilledema
57
optic disc; nipple-like
papillo
58
lens of the eye
phaco / phako
59
technique of cataract extraction using ultrasonic vibrations to fragment the lens and aspirate it from the eye
phacoemulsification
60
pupil
pupillo
61
pertaining to the pupil
pupillary
62
retina
retino
63
genetic disorder in which a pigmented scar forms on the retina that destroys retinal rods. Decreased vision and night blindness occur
retinitis
64
night blindness
nyctalopia
65
lesions such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates are found on examination of the fundus
hypertensive retinopathy
66
white hard part of the eye
sclero
67
pertaining to the cornea and the sclera
corneoscleral
68
inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
69
vascular layer of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
uveo
70
inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
eveitis
71
glassy
vitreo
72
dull, dim
amblyo
73
unilateral or bilateral reduction of visual activity. Early in life before the age of 7. Ocular misalignment such as with strabismus, uncorrected errors of refraction, or other eye disorders can lead to this
amblyopia
74
double
diplo
75
double vision strabismus in an adult
diplopia
76
gray
glauco
77
mass or collection of aqueous humor. Causes a dull gray-green color. increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
glaucoma
78
smaller, less
mio
79
contraction of the pupil
miosis
80
drug that causes the pupil to contract
miotic
81
widen, enlarge
mydro
82
enlargement of pupils.
mydriasis
83
night
nycto
84
night blindness
nyctalopia
85
light
photo
86
sensitivity to light
photophobia
87
old age
presbyo
88
impairment of the vision as a result of old age. with increasing age elasticity of the ciliary body impairs its ability to adjust the lens for accommodation. convex lens used to refract because lens of the eye cannot become fat.
presbyopia
89
darkness
scoto
90
area of decreased vision surrounded by an area of normal vision.
scotoma
91
dry
xero
92
dry eye
xerophthalmia
93
vision
opia / opsia
94
eyeball is too short or refractive power of the lens is too weak. image forms behind the retina. fixed with a convex lens. Can see far
hyperopia / hypermetropia
95
absence of vision in half of the visual field. Stroke victims. Loss in left or right visual field of both eyes.
hemianopsia
96
to turn
tropia
97
inward turning of the eye (cross-eyed)
esotropia
98
outword turning of an eye (wall-eyed)
exotropia
99
defect in eye muscles so that both eyes cannot be focused on the same point at the same time, abnormal deviation of the eye
strabismus
100
defective curvature of the cornea or lense of the eye
astigmatism
101
eyeball is too long or the refractive power of the lens is so strong that light rays do not properly focus on the retina. image is perceived as blurred because light rays are focused in the front of the retina. concave glasses correct this condition.
myopia
102
clouding of the lens causing decreased vision. surgical removal of the lens and implantation of the artificial lens behind the iris is treatment.
cataract
103
small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid. formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland along the margin of the eyelid. Require incision and drainage.
Chalazion
104
retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization
diabetic retinopathy
105
formation of new blood vessels from the retina
neovascularization
106
fluid leaking from blood vessels into the retina and vision is blurred
macular edema
107
fluid leaking from the blood appear in the retina as yellow-white spots
exudates
108
gradual loss of peripheral vision, headaches, blurred vision, and halos around bright lights
glaucoma
109
laser therapy for chronic open-angle glaucoma causes scarring in the drainage angle which improves aqueous humor outflow and reduces pressure
trabeculoplasty
110
blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid
dacryocystitis
111
outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration
ectoprion
112
inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye, corneal abrasion may result
endoprion
113
infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along lid margin.
hordeolum (stye)
114
drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma
ptosis
115
raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by a lipid disorder
xanthelasma
116
localized purulent inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
hordeolum (stye)
117
progressive damage to the macula of the retina
macular degeneration
118
leading cause of blindness in the elderly.
macular degeneration
119
marked by atrophy and degeration of retinal cells and deposits of clumps of extracellular debris
dry form of MD
120
results from development of new and leaky blood vessels close to the macula
wet form of MD
121
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes. brain tumors or diseases of the inner ear may cause it. normal in newborns
nystagmus
122
two layers of retina detach from eachother. phtopsia, floaters, shadow/ curtain falling, treat with photocoagulation and cryotherapy, or scleral buckel, pneumatic therapy
retinal detatchment
123
upward deviation of one eye
hypertropia
124
downward deviation of one eye
hypotropia
125
partial loss of vision or lazy eye, reversible until retina is fully developed at 7-10
strabismus?
126
IV injection of fluorescein followed by serial photographs of the retina through dialated pupils
fluorescein angiography
127
visual examination of the interior of the eye
ophthalmoscopy
128
examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification
slit lap microscopy
129
measures intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma
tonometry
130
clarity of vision is assessed via ____ chart at 20 feet away
visual acuity test, snellen chart
131
measurement of the area peripheral and central within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed looking streight without movement of the head
visual field test
132
removal of the entire eyeball
enucleation
133
surgical repair of the cornea / corneal transplant
keratoplasty
134
intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
laser photocoagulation
135
use if excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism(
LASIK
136
LASIK stands for
laser in situ keratomileusis
137
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens which is then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe, surgery for cataract removal
photoemulsification
138
suture of a silicon band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
scleral buckle
139
removal of the vitreous humor
vitrectomy
140
channel from pinna --> eardrum
auditory canal
141
auditory canal
auditory meatus
142
carry impulses from the inner ear --> brain. these fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (8)
auditory nerve fibers
143
channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx, eustation tube
auditory tube
144
flap of the ear, protruding part of the external ear
auricle, pinna
145
waxy substance secreted by the external ear
cerumen, earwax
146
snail shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear containing hearing sensitive receptor cells
cochlea
147
fluid within the labrynth of the inner ear
endolymph
148
auditory tube
eustation tube
149
second ossicle of the middle ear, anvil
incus
150
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. including cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
labyrinth
151
first ossicle of the middle ear, hammer
malleus
152
sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
organ of corti
153
small bone of the ear; including malleus, incus, and stapes
ossicle
154
membrane between the middle and inner ear
oval window
155
fluid contained in the labyringth of the inner ear
perilymph
156
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
semicircular canals
157
third ossicle of the middle ear, stirrup
stapes
158
membrane between the outer and middle ear, eardrum
tympanic membrane
159
central cavity of the labyringth connecting the semicircular canals and cochlea. contains two strutures (saccule and utricle) to maintain equillibrium
vestibule
160
hearing
acouso
161
sense of hearing
audio, audito
162
record produced when and individual's hearing is tested by audiometry
audiogram
163
healthcare professional specializing in the evalulation and rehabilitation of people with hearing loss
audiologist
164
ear
auro, auriculo
165
cochlea
cochleo
166
mastoid process
mastoido
167
cased by bacterial infection, spreads from the middle ear to temporal bone
mastoiditis
168
eardrum, tympanic membrane
myringo, tympano
169
ossicle
ossiculo
170
ear
oto
171
medical doctor who sepcializes in ear nose and throat
otolaryngologist
172
eustation tube, auditory tube
salpingo
173
stapes
stapedo
174
removal of the stapes and insertino of prosthetic devise to connect incus to the oval window
stapedectomy
175
surgical reconstruction of the bones of the middle ear with reconnection of the eardrum to the oval window
tympanoplasty
