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Medical Terminology > Ch 11: Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Ch 11: Cardiovascular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

genetic abnormality that causes severe narrowing of descending aorta and the junction of the ductus arteriosus and the aortic arch,

A

Coarctation of Aorta

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2
Q

2 symptoms of Coarctation of the aorta

A

upper extremity hypertension discrepancy of 20mmHg, systolic murmer @ LSB

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3
Q

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, most close spontaneously

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

failure to grow, recurrent respiratory infections, easy fatigability, DOE, SOB, angina, syncope, continuous machinery murmer, thrill at LSB, bounding pulses

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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5
Q

defect or opening between two atrium

A

atrial septal defect

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6
Q

shunting normall L to R, minimal childhood symptoms, failure to thrive, recurrent pulmonary infections,… easy fatigability, DOA, heart failure in adults, more females

A

atrial septal defect

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7
Q

congenital or acquired defect between ventricles allowing blood to cross

A

ventricular septal defect

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8
Q

most common congenital heart defect, after MI

A

ventricular septal defect

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9
Q

respiratory distress, tachypnea, holosystolic murmur

A

ventricular septal defect

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10
Q

RV hypertrophy, RV pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, cyanotic, clubbing of finger

A

tetralogy of fallot

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11
Q

systolic or diastolic ____, abnormality in cardiac pump function, unable to supply sufficient blood, DOE, nocturia,tachypnea, nocturnal productive cough, edema, PND

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

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12
Q

arteriosclerosis, chronic, collaterals

A

coronary artery disease

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13
Q

thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

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14
Q

HTN, DM< tobacco, obesity, male, physical activity, age, family history

A

CAD risk factors

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15
Q

unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction

A

acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)

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16
Q

chest pain at rest or increasing frequency, intensity, duration at night, lasting more than 10 minutes

A

unstable angina

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17
Q

MONA, revascularization, stents, LAD, TPA

A

acute myocardial infarction

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18
Q

resulting from infection of the valvular or mural endocardium

A

endocarditis

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19
Q

fever, night sweats, anorexia, heart murmur, chest pain, SOB, cough, IV

A

endocarditis

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20
Q

LVH, CAD, conduction abnormalities, S&D CHF, uncontrolled high BP for a long time

A

hypertensive heart disease

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21
Q

competency during early systole prolapse in late systole, late systolic murmur, midsystolic clicks

A

mitral valve prolapse

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22
Q

mitral valve prolapse missed in

A

supine position

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23
Q

chest pain, sharp, retrosternal, radiation to back, frequent and sudden pain, inspiration causes pain, relief by leaning forward, splinted breathing, fever, myalgia, friction rub

A

pericarditis

24
Q

pericarditis leads to

A

cardiac tamponade

25
Q

EKG abnormality with pericarditis

A

elevated ST

26
Q

inflammatory disease from strep A untreated 2+ weeks, pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular insufficiency, mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

27
Q

secondary hypertension risks

A

endocrine abnormality
kidney dysfunction
cushings disease
coarctation of the aorta

28
Q

blockage of arteries in lower extremities due to atherosclerosis, claudication, stents, cold feet, poor foot pulse

A

peripheral vascular disease

29
Q

pain in legs due to exercise

A

claudication

30
Q

blood test that differentiates pulmonary SOB from cardiac

A

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

31
Q

chemicals measured in blood as evidence of a MI

A

serum enzyme tests

32
Q

most sensitive, elevated within 3 hours, stay elevated for 1w+, keep for 24 hours until all come back negative

A

troponin (t or I)

33
Q

elevated within 1 hour of MI but nonspecific

A

myoglobin

34
Q

elevated within 4-8 hours, but non specific, rules out rhabdomyolysis

A

creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

35
Q

specific marker for myocardial tissue damage

A

CK MB isoenzyme

36
Q

x ray of arteries with contrast

A

angiography

37
Q

three dimensional x-rays of heart and coronary arteries, sees Ca deposits

A

Computerized tomography angiography (CTA)

38
Q

electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in or around arteries diagnosing CAD

A

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)

39
Q

transthoracic or transesophageal high frequency sound waves to produce image of heart

A

echocardiography (ECHO)

40
Q

shows bloodflow and myocardial function with radioactive substances, CAD, myocardial dysfunction, MI, and cardiomyopathy diagnosis

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

41
Q

injected IV and taken up in areas of MI, used with exercise tolerance test, defines areas of poor blood flow in heart

A

Technetium 99m sestamibi

42
Q

infarcted myocardium shows up as cold spots

A

thallium 201 scan

43
Q

diagnoses aneurysms, cardiac output, wall thickness, and patency of vessels

A

cardiac MRI

44
Q

monitor worn for 24 hours to detect arrhythmias

A

holter monitor

45
Q

stress test, treatmill and monitor

A

ETT exercise tolerance test

46
Q

restoring hearts normal rhythm, performed to treat atrial fibrillation, benign heart rhythm disturbance

A

Cardioversion

47
Q

emergency to terminate ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. resets electrical state of heart, not effective for asystole or pulseless electrical activity

A

defibrillation

48
Q

bypassing blockages in coronary arteries with a blood vessel taken from other part of patients body

A

cardiac arery bypass grafting (CABG)

49
Q

surgical removal of plaque from artery

A

enarterectomy

50
Q

diversion of bloodflow through circuit outside body

A

extracorporeal circulation

51
Q

heterotrophic procedure

A

two hearts (one native, one implanted)

52
Q

booster pump while waiting for a heart transplant “bridge to transplant”

A

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

53
Q

threading a slender balloon tipped tube (catheter) from artery in groin to trouble spot of artery of heart, inflated, compresses plaque, and dilates coronary artery, insert metal stent

A

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

54
Q

inserting a balloon tipped tube from artery in groin to trouble spot in heart

A

PTCA

55
Q

derived from group C beta-hemolytic streptococci, activates plasminogen, stimulates antibody production making retreatment difficult

A

Streptokinase (SK)

56
Q

derived from cultured human cells, not fibrin specific, activates plasminogen directly, plasma life 20 minutes

A

urokinase (UK)

57
Q

derived by recombinant genetics from human DNA, fibrin specific, activates directly, short plasma half life

A

tissue plasminogen

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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