Chapter 12- Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
bronchial tube
A
brochi/o ; bronch/o
2
Q
bronchiole
A
bronchiol/o
3
Q
carbon dioxide
A
capn/o
4
Q
dust
A
coni/o
5
Q
coal worker’s get this from dust
A
pneumoconiosis
6
Q
blue
A
cyan/o
7
Q
lobe
A
lob/o
8
Q
straight, upright
A
orth/o
9
Q
better breathing sitting upright
A
orthopnea
10
Q
voice
A
phon/o
11
Q
diaphragm
A
phren/o
12
Q
pleura
A
pleur/o
13
Q
air, lung
A
pneum/o, penumon/o
14
Q
breathing
A
spir/o
15
Q
complete
A
tel/o
16
Q
chest
A
thorac/o
17
Q
smell
A
-osmia
18
Q
can’t smell/ taste
A
anosmia
19
Q
breathing
A
-pnea
20
Q
fast breathing
A
tachypnea
21
Q
spitting
A
-ptysis
22
Q
spitting up blood
A
hemoptysis
23
Q
pulse
A
-sphyxia
24
Q
pleural cavity ; chest
A
-thorax
25
air in the pleural space, not allowing lung to expand
pneumothorax
26
tip or uppermostportion
apex
27
lower portion of the lung
base
28
middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter/exit the lung
hilum
29
breathin in
inspiration
30
breathing out
expiration
31
parietal, visceral layers of lung
pleura
32
subacute viral illness, fever, harseness, barking hacking couge, parainfluenze, seal-like cough, stridor
croup
33
when the child breathes in through a narrowed windpipe
stridor
34
acute infection of throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacteria
diptheria
35
adherent membrane that bleeds when removed, sore throat, adenopathy, fever, malaise, breathing issue
diptheria
36
nosebleed
epistaxis
37
highly communicable, respiratory bacterial infection, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, high pitched inspiratory whoop, 3 week incubation,
pertussis
38
reversible airway disease caused by hyperresponsiveness of alveoli to a variety of stimuli, airway is obstructed by airway mucosa, increased mucus, eosinophilic infiltration, eduma
Asthma
39
diffuse wheezing ,dry and chronic cough, tight feeling in the chest, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory phase,
asthma
40
chronic, irreversible, abnormal dilation of bronchi, infection, and productive cough, large volumes of sputum
bronchiectasis
41
cough, sputum, hemoptysis, barrel chest, cyanosis, moist rales
bronchiectasis
42
acute, progressive inflammation of the bronchioles, seasonal, with epidemics, asthma may develop later in life,RSV as a cause
bronchiolitis
43
use accessory breathing muscles, expiratory wheezes, intercostal retractions, fever, cough, grunting, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, anorexia
bronchiolitis
44
excessive productive cough for 3 months over at least 2 consecutivbe years in the absence of any other disease, over 35, airway obstruction, increased bronchial mucus, hyperplasia of mucosal lining, smoking, COPD
chronic bronchitis
45
blue bloaters
chronic bronchitis
46
obese, barrel chested, blue finger tips, productive cough, copious sputum, wheezes rhonchi, irreversible damage
chronic bronchitis
47
measuring amount of air breathing out vs in
spirometry
48
anything that should be mucousy becomes very thick, pneymonic therapy, high levels of electrolytes in test, sweat chloride test
Cystic fibrosis
49
COPD, pancreatic insufficiency, high levels of electrolytes in sweat, most common lethal genetic disease
Cystic fibrosis
50
"lung collapse" in which alveoli collapse, incomplete expansion of alveoli,tachypnea, cough, hypoxia, dull to percussion, decreased chest expansion
atelectasis
51
patient forced to breathe in a certain goal once an hour
incentive spirometry
52
COPD includes (2)
chronic bronchitis
| emphysema
53
enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles associated with alveolar wall destruction, pink puffers, destruction of alveoli, big pockets instead of grape clusters with no air exchange
empysema
54
thin build, wasted appearance, mild cough, progressive dyspnea (SOB), hypertrophic accessory muscles of respiration, barrel chest, hyper resonant to percussion, prolonged expiratory phase, air trapping
emphysema
55
central location, poor prognosis, no surgery, sensitive to chemo
small cell lung cancer
56
majority of lung cancer, squamous, large cell, adenocarcinoma, no response to chemo, treat with surgery, prognosis varies
non-small cell
57
leading cause of cancer death in men and women
lung cancer
58
most important causative factor in lung cancer
smoking
59
occupational pulmonary fibrotic disease resulting from inhalation of an offending agent, well-defined pulmonary nodular fibrosis, diffuse fibrosis of the lung, and severe pulmonary impairment
pneumoconiosis (lung-dust-condition)
60
black lung disease- coal dust
anthracosis
61
asbestos particles causing fibrosis of the lungs
asbestosis
62
silica or glass causing pneymoconiosis
silicosis
63
infection of the lung parenchyma
pneumonia
64
organisms invade lower respiratory tract via inhalation, aspiration, viral, bacterial
pneumonia
65
fever, productive cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, rigor, wheezing ,rales, rhonchi
pneymonia
66
when you get an infection from the hospital
nosocomial
67
a collection of fluid where you aspirate, upper part of the lower lobe, single lobe is most common, produces a cavity filled with fluid and air
pulmonary abscess
68
periodontal disease, foreign body obstruction, immunocompromised, LOC, CNS disease, seizures, anesthesia
pulmonary abscess
69
acute onset, fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, productive cough, foul smelling sputum, decreased breath sounds, dullness over affected area of lung
pulmonary abscess
70
swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary edema
71
SOB, DOE< PND, orthopnea, cough PINK FROTHY SPUTUM, moist raies, tachycardia, air, hunger, noisy respirations
pulmonary edema
72
blood clot obstruction in the pulmonary vasculature
Pulmonary embolism
73
anxiety, apprehension, diaphoresis, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, tachyponea, tachycardia, hemoptysis, leg pain or swelling, low grade fever, cyanosis, syncope
PE
74
scarring of the lung, pneumoconiosis, irreversible loss of tissue's ability to transfer oxygen in bloodstream, microscopic injury to the lung
pulmonary fibrosis
75
non-infectious multisystem disease of unknown causes in which granulomas develop
sarcoidosis
76
bilateral hiar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, ocular and skin lesions, pulmonary nodules, systemic
sarcoidosis
77
cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, weight loss, malaise, adenopathy, pleuritic chest pain
TB, consumption
78
malignant tumor from the pleura, asbestos exposure
mesothelioma
79
accumulation of excessive fluid in pleural space from underlying disease
pleural effusion
80
transudative: straw-like and thin
exudative: more puss like
pleural effusion
81
transudative causes
CHF, cirrhosis of liver, kidney dialysis, nephrotic syndrome, myxedema
82
exudative causes
cancer, pneymonia, PE
83
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, tactile femitus, dullness to percussion, tracheal deviation
Pleural effusion
84
inflammation of the pleura, sharp, localized, fleeting chest pain, precipitated by coughing ,sneezing ,or deep breathing, nonspecific, pleural friction rub, decreased breath sounds
pleurisy, pleuritis
85
accumulation of free air bretween visceral and parietal pleural layers. break in the lung surface allowing for communication between alveolus/ bronchus, and pleural cavity, sudden, sharp chest pain, dyspnea
pneumothorax
86
treatment for pnemothorax
needle aspiration of intrapleural air, tube thoracostomy
87
most common in tall, thin, young males, no underlying lung disease
primary spontaneous pneumothorax
88
diminished breath sounds, decreased tactile fremitus, hyporesonance
large pneumothorax
89
usually results from major trauma, tachycardia, hypotension, mediastinal or trancial deviation, lung shifts unto hear
tension pneumothorax
90
Chest X-ray includes
chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, diaphragm
91
simultaneously shoes many different types of tissue, lungs ,heart, bones, soft tissues, muscle, blood vessels
CT scan
92
captures images of chest from many angles and process them into slices
spiral CT
93
takes X ray pictures of the pulmonary blood vessels in the lungs, contrast injected, detects PE, invasive
pulmonary angiography
94
very detailed photos of structures within chest cavity, no radiation, abnormal growths detected, lymph nodes and blood vessels
MRI of the chest
95
narrowing coronary arteries or blockage, aneurysm, or dissection is showed
mangetic resonsance angiography
96
helpful for identification of malignancies which have a high metabolic activity
PET scan of the lung
97
ventilation-perfusion scan is a nuclear scan so named because it studies both airflow and blood flow in the lungs, looks for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs, a lot of the time inconclusive, used for patients that cant tolerate CT scans
Ventilation perfusion scan (V/Q scan)
98
a hollow, flexible tube is inserted into airways, allows the physician to visually examine the lower airways, including the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, collect specimens for bacteriological culture to diagnose infectious disease such as TB, done under sedation by pulmonologists
bronchoscopy
99
endotracheal intubation introduces a tube into the trachea to provide an open airway to administer oxygen, gaseous medication, or anesthetics, done to remove blockages or view interior walls, provide mechanical intubation, need ventalator
endotracheal intubation
100
a procedure used to view the inside of the larynx, done by ear nose, and throat specialist
laryngoscopy
101
lung biopsy is a medical procedure performed to obtain a small piece of lung tissue for examination under a microscope
lung biopsy
102
examines mediastinum by a mediastinoscope, to visualize examine and biopsy lymph nodes for identification of disease processes in the mediastinum, particularly the staging of lung cancer, looking at outside of organs
mediastinoscopy
103
lighted, long, thin, flexible, tube that can visualize the organs of the mediastinum
mediastinoscope
104
broad range of tests done to measure how well the lungs take in and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen to blood
pulmonary function tests
105
forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FEV1
106
forced vital capacity
FVC
107
puncture of the chest wall for extraction of pleural fluid
thoracocentesis
108
most frequently performed to determine etiology of a pleural effusion
diagnostic thoracocentesis
109
performed to relieve respiratory insufficiency caused by large pleural effusion
therapeutic thoracocentesis
110
used in patients with pulmonary problems of unknown etiology when less invasive procedures have not yielded a diagnosis
thoracotomy
111
insertion of an endoscope through a small incision in the chest wall, looks inside at the chest wall
thorascopy
112
VATS
video assisted thorascopy
113
incision into the trachea that forms a temporary or permanent opening (stoma)
tracheostomy
114
detects TB, puts a small amount of TB antigen under top layer of skin on inner forarm, will become raised and red if positive
tuberculin test
115
uses TB antigens purified protein derivative (PPD), cannot tell if infection is active or latent
mantoux skin test
116
surgival insertion of a hollow flexible drainage tube into the chest, inserted to drain blood, fluid, oir air and allow full expansion of the lungs, placed between ribs and into the space between the inner and outer lining of the lung
tube thoracostomy
