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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bronchial tube

A

brochi/o ; bronch/o

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2
Q

bronchiole

A

bronchiol/o

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3
Q

carbon dioxide

A

capn/o

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4
Q

dust

A

coni/o

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5
Q

coal worker’s get this from dust

A

pneumoconiosis

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6
Q

blue

A

cyan/o

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7
Q

lobe

A

lob/o

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8
Q

straight, upright

A

orth/o

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9
Q

better breathing sitting upright

A

orthopnea

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10
Q

voice

A

phon/o

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11
Q

diaphragm

A

phren/o

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12
Q

pleura

A

pleur/o

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13
Q

air, lung

A

pneum/o, penumon/o

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14
Q

breathing

A

spir/o

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15
Q

complete

A

tel/o

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16
Q

chest

A

thorac/o

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17
Q

smell

A

-osmia

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18
Q

can’t smell/ taste

A

anosmia

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19
Q

breathing

A

-pnea

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20
Q

fast breathing

A

tachypnea

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21
Q

spitting

A

-ptysis

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22
Q

spitting up blood

A

hemoptysis

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23
Q

pulse

A

-sphyxia

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24
Q

pleural cavity ; chest

A

-thorax

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25
Q

air in the pleural space, not allowing lung to expand

A

pneumothorax

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26
Q

tip or uppermostportion

A

apex

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27
Q

lower portion of the lung

A

base

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28
Q

middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter/exit the lung

A

hilum

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29
Q

breathin in

A

inspiration

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30
Q

breathing out

A

expiration

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31
Q

parietal, visceral layers of lung

A

pleura

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32
Q

subacute viral illness, fever, harseness, barking hacking couge, parainfluenze, seal-like cough, stridor

A

croup

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33
Q

when the child breathes in through a narrowed windpipe

A

stridor

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34
Q

acute infection of throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacteria

A

diptheria

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35
Q

adherent membrane that bleeds when removed, sore throat, adenopathy, fever, malaise, breathing issue

A

diptheria

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36
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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37
Q

highly communicable, respiratory bacterial infection, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, high pitched inspiratory whoop, 3 week incubation,

A

pertussis

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38
Q

reversible airway disease caused by hyperresponsiveness of alveoli to a variety of stimuli, airway is obstructed by airway mucosa, increased mucus, eosinophilic infiltration, eduma

A

Asthma

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39
Q

diffuse wheezing ,dry and chronic cough, tight feeling in the chest, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory phase,

A

asthma

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40
Q

chronic, irreversible, abnormal dilation of bronchi, infection, and productive cough, large volumes of sputum

A

bronchiectasis

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41
Q

cough, sputum, hemoptysis, barrel chest, cyanosis, moist rales

A

bronchiectasis

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42
Q

acute, progressive inflammation of the bronchioles, seasonal, with epidemics, asthma may develop later in life,RSV as a cause

A

bronchiolitis

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43
Q

use accessory breathing muscles, expiratory wheezes, intercostal retractions, fever, cough, grunting, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, anorexia

A

bronchiolitis

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44
Q

excessive productive cough for 3 months over at least 2 consecutivbe years in the absence of any other disease, over 35, airway obstruction, increased bronchial mucus, hyperplasia of mucosal lining, smoking, COPD

A

chronic bronchitis

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45
Q

blue bloaters

A

chronic bronchitis

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46
Q

obese, barrel chested, blue finger tips, productive cough, copious sputum, wheezes rhonchi, irreversible damage

A

chronic bronchitis

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47
Q

measuring amount of air breathing out vs in

A

spirometry

48
Q

anything that should be mucousy becomes very thick, pneymonic therapy, high levels of electrolytes in test, sweat chloride test

A

Cystic fibrosis

49
Q

COPD, pancreatic insufficiency, high levels of electrolytes in sweat, most common lethal genetic disease

A

Cystic fibrosis

50
Q

“lung collapse” in which alveoli collapse, incomplete expansion of alveoli,tachypnea, cough, hypoxia, dull to percussion, decreased chest expansion

A

atelectasis

51
Q

patient forced to breathe in a certain goal once an hour

A

incentive spirometry

52
Q

COPD includes (2)

A

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

53
Q

enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles associated with alveolar wall destruction, pink puffers, destruction of alveoli, big pockets instead of grape clusters with no air exchange

A

empysema

54
Q

thin build, wasted appearance, mild cough, progressive dyspnea (SOB), hypertrophic accessory muscles of respiration, barrel chest, hyper resonant to percussion, prolonged expiratory phase, air trapping

A

emphysema

55
Q

central location, poor prognosis, no surgery, sensitive to chemo

A

small cell lung cancer

56
Q

majority of lung cancer, squamous, large cell, adenocarcinoma, no response to chemo, treat with surgery, prognosis varies

A

non-small cell

57
Q

leading cause of cancer death in men and women

A

lung cancer

58
Q

most important causative factor in lung cancer

A

smoking

59
Q

occupational pulmonary fibrotic disease resulting from inhalation of an offending agent, well-defined pulmonary nodular fibrosis, diffuse fibrosis of the lung, and severe pulmonary impairment

A

pneumoconiosis (lung-dust-condition)

60
Q

black lung disease- coal dust

A

anthracosis

61
Q

asbestos particles causing fibrosis of the lungs

A

asbestosis

62
Q

silica or glass causing pneymoconiosis

A

silicosis

63
Q

infection of the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

64
Q

organisms invade lower respiratory tract via inhalation, aspiration, viral, bacterial

A

pneumonia

65
Q

fever, productive cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, rigor, wheezing ,rales, rhonchi

A

pneymonia

66
Q

when you get an infection from the hospital

A

nosocomial

67
Q

a collection of fluid where you aspirate, upper part of the lower lobe, single lobe is most common, produces a cavity filled with fluid and air

A

pulmonary abscess

68
Q

periodontal disease, foreign body obstruction, immunocompromised, LOC, CNS disease, seizures, anesthesia

A

pulmonary abscess

69
Q

acute onset, fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, productive cough, foul smelling sputum, decreased breath sounds, dullness over affected area of lung

A

pulmonary abscess

70
Q

swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

A

pulmonary edema

71
Q

SOB, DOE< PND, orthopnea, cough PINK FROTHY SPUTUM, moist raies, tachycardia, air, hunger, noisy respirations

A

pulmonary edema

72
Q

blood clot obstruction in the pulmonary vasculature

A

Pulmonary embolism

73
Q

anxiety, apprehension, diaphoresis, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, tachyponea, tachycardia, hemoptysis, leg pain or swelling, low grade fever, cyanosis, syncope

A

PE

74
Q

scarring of the lung, pneumoconiosis, irreversible loss of tissue’s ability to transfer oxygen in bloodstream, microscopic injury to the lung

A

pulmonary fibrosis

75
Q

non-infectious multisystem disease of unknown causes in which granulomas develop

A

sarcoidosis

76
Q

bilateral hiar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, ocular and skin lesions, pulmonary nodules, systemic

A

sarcoidosis

77
Q

cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, weight loss, malaise, adenopathy, pleuritic chest pain

A

TB, consumption

78
Q

malignant tumor from the pleura, asbestos exposure

A

mesothelioma

79
Q

accumulation of excessive fluid in pleural space from underlying disease

A

pleural effusion

80
Q

transudative: straw-like and thin
exudative: more puss like

A

pleural effusion

81
Q

transudative causes

A

CHF, cirrhosis of liver, kidney dialysis, nephrotic syndrome, myxedema

82
Q

exudative causes

A

cancer, pneymonia, PE

83
Q

pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, tactile femitus, dullness to percussion, tracheal deviation

A

Pleural effusion

84
Q

inflammation of the pleura, sharp, localized, fleeting chest pain, precipitated by coughing ,sneezing ,or deep breathing, nonspecific, pleural friction rub, decreased breath sounds

A

pleurisy, pleuritis

85
Q

accumulation of free air bretween visceral and parietal pleural layers. break in the lung surface allowing for communication between alveolus/ bronchus, and pleural cavity, sudden, sharp chest pain, dyspnea

A

pneumothorax

86
Q

treatment for pnemothorax

A

needle aspiration of intrapleural air, tube thoracostomy

87
Q

most common in tall, thin, young males, no underlying lung disease

A

primary spontaneous pneumothorax

88
Q

diminished breath sounds, decreased tactile fremitus, hyporesonance

A

large pneumothorax

89
Q

usually results from major trauma, tachycardia, hypotension, mediastinal or trancial deviation, lung shifts unto hear

A

tension pneumothorax

90
Q

Chest X-ray includes

A

chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, diaphragm

91
Q

simultaneously shoes many different types of tissue, lungs ,heart, bones, soft tissues, muscle, blood vessels

A

CT scan

92
Q

captures images of chest from many angles and process them into slices

A

spiral CT

93
Q

takes X ray pictures of the pulmonary blood vessels in the lungs, contrast injected, detects PE, invasive

A

pulmonary angiography

94
Q

very detailed photos of structures within chest cavity, no radiation, abnormal growths detected, lymph nodes and blood vessels

A

MRI of the chest

95
Q

narrowing coronary arteries or blockage, aneurysm, or dissection is showed

A

mangetic resonsance angiography

96
Q

helpful for identification of malignancies which have a high metabolic activity

A

PET scan of the lung

97
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan is a nuclear scan so named because it studies both airflow and blood flow in the lungs, looks for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs, a lot of the time inconclusive, used for patients that cant tolerate CT scans

A

Ventilation perfusion scan (V/Q scan)

98
Q

a hollow, flexible tube is inserted into airways, allows the physician to visually examine the lower airways, including the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, collect specimens for bacteriological culture to diagnose infectious disease such as TB, done under sedation by pulmonologists

A

bronchoscopy

99
Q

endotracheal intubation introduces a tube into the trachea to provide an open airway to administer oxygen, gaseous medication, or anesthetics, done to remove blockages or view interior walls, provide mechanical intubation, need ventalator

A

endotracheal intubation

100
Q

a procedure used to view the inside of the larynx, done by ear nose, and throat specialist

A

laryngoscopy

101
Q

lung biopsy is a medical procedure performed to obtain a small piece of lung tissue for examination under a microscope

A

lung biopsy

102
Q

examines mediastinum by a mediastinoscope, to visualize examine and biopsy lymph nodes for identification of disease processes in the mediastinum, particularly the staging of lung cancer, looking at outside of organs

A

mediastinoscopy

103
Q

lighted, long, thin, flexible, tube that can visualize the organs of the mediastinum

A

mediastinoscope

104
Q

broad range of tests done to measure how well the lungs take in and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen to blood

A

pulmonary function tests

105
Q

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

A

FEV1

106
Q

forced vital capacity

A

FVC

107
Q

puncture of the chest wall for extraction of pleural fluid

A

thoracocentesis

108
Q

most frequently performed to determine etiology of a pleural effusion

A

diagnostic thoracocentesis

109
Q

performed to relieve respiratory insufficiency caused by large pleural effusion

A

therapeutic thoracocentesis

110
Q

used in patients with pulmonary problems of unknown etiology when less invasive procedures have not yielded a diagnosis

A

thoracotomy

111
Q

insertion of an endoscope through a small incision in the chest wall, looks inside at the chest wall

A

thorascopy

112
Q

VATS

A

video assisted thorascopy

113
Q

incision into the trachea that forms a temporary or permanent opening (stoma)

A

tracheostomy

114
Q

detects TB, puts a small amount of TB antigen under top layer of skin on inner forarm, will become raised and red if positive

A

tuberculin test

115
Q

uses TB antigens purified protein derivative (PPD), cannot tell if infection is active or latent

A

mantoux skin test

116
Q

surgival insertion of a hollow flexible drainage tube into the chest, inserted to drain blood, fluid, oir air and allow full expansion of the lungs, placed between ribs and into the space between the inner and outer lining of the lung

A

tube thoracostomy

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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