Nervous System Flashcards
Schwann Cell
cells that produce myelin
somatic NS
voluntary part of PNS, composed of skeletal muscle that one has control over
neurotransmitter associated with sympathetic NS
noradrenalin
neurotransmitter associated with parasympathetic NS
acetylcholine (ACH)
sensory neuron structure
fewer long dendrites, short axon
interneuron structure
many short dendrites, long or short axon
motor neuron structure
short dendrite, long axon
saltatory conduction
APs jump from node to node in myelinated nerve fibres
examples of enzymes that degrade neurotransmitters
monoamine oxidase for noradrenaline, acetylcholinesterase for ACH
how does diameter affect conduction speed?
in unmyelinated fibres, diameter is proportional to speed, increase diameter = increase speed because larger diameter offers less resistance to the flow of Na+
what form of transport do neurotransmitters use
exocytosis (exiting though vesicle)
meninges
tough layer of tissue surrounding brain
thalamus
- sorts info going to cerebrum
- located at the top of the brainstem
- sorts, processes and directs signals from spinal cord to mid-brain structures, and from cerebrum to spinal cord
Hypothalamus
- involved in hormonal regulation (homeostasis)
- controls hunger, thirst, body temp
Corpus Callosum
seperates 2 hemispheres
amygdala
- deep in the centre of the brain
- emotional reactions
- influences behaviour and interests & stress response
Hippocampus
- deep in brain
- memory & learning
Suculus
shallower grooves in cerebrum
which part of the ANS stimulates glucose release from liver
sympathetic
inhibitory
hyperpolarizes - decrease chance of AP
excitatory
depolarizes - increase chance of AP
integration
combing and processing incoming signals to produce output signal
constricts bronchi
parasympathetic
nerve fibre
axon or dendrite
one nerve
contains many neurons and nerve fibres
why are the insides of neurons negative
more K+ ions leave than Na+ that enters, and inside contains more negative ions like Cl-
