Female Reproductive System

Question 1

FSH

Answer 1

• stimulates the development and maturing of follicle cells
• stimulates estrogen production

Question 2

LH

Answer 2

• causes corpus luteum to release progesterone
• triggers ovulation

Question 3

Estrogen

Answer 3

• stimulates growth of endometrium
• inhibits FSH release other than before ovulation
• produced by follicle cells

*estrogen has positive feedback loop before ovulation, negative otherwise

Question 4

progesterone

Answer 4

• maintains endometrium
• inhibits movement of uterus during pregnancy
• produced by corpus luteum

Question 5

Oogenesis

Answer 5

1. primordial germ cell in embryo
   *differentiation
2. oogonium - 46 chromosomes - mitotic division
   *differentiation and onset of meiosis I
3. primary oocyte - 46
   *completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II
4. secondary oocyte - 23
   *ovulation, entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II
5. ovum - 23

Question 6

Follicular/Proliferative Phase

Answer 6

• follicle development - producing estrogen
• endometrium thickens due to estrogen

Question 7

hormones during Ovulation

Answer 7

• estrogen levels are highest
• positive feedback loop on FH & FSH from estrogen

Question 8

Luteal/Secretory Phase

Answer 8

• if no pregnancy, negative feedback mechanisms in work
• all hormone levels in plasma go down
• corpus luteum producing progesterone
  
  • continues thickening/maintaining of endometrium & endometrium becomes secretory - secretes glycogen

Question 9

what happens in uterus after ovulation if fertilization

Answer 9

embryo implants into uterus and develops into a fetus

Question 10

what happens in ovaries if egg is not fertilized

Answer 10

• corpus luteum shrivels and is reabosrbed
• hormone concentration is detected and menstruation occurs

Question 11

HCGH production

Answer 11

• before implantation, zygote produces HCGH (human chorionic gonadotropic hormone)
• after implantation, membrane surrounding embryo produces HCGH, estrogen & progesterone

Question 12

HCGH Function

Answer 12

• HCGH maintains corpus luteum instead of LH during pregnancy - stops from degenerating
• stimulates large amounts of progesterone production from corpus luteum

Question 13

Function of Estrogen & Progesterone During Pregnancy

Answer 13

1. shut down anterior pituitary - no new follicles mature
2. maintain endometrium
3. prepares breasts (enlarges) for lactation

Question 14

embryonic development stages

Answer 14

1. cleavage/morula
2. blastula
3. gastrula
4. neurala
5. differentiation & morphogenesis

Question 15

blastula

Answer 15

cells of morula migrate to form a hollow sphere

Question 16

gastrula

Answer 16

sphere invaginates (turns inside out or folds), 3 germ layers form (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

Question 17

differentiation and morphogenesis

Answer 17

specialization of cells & migration of cells to allow embryo to assume various shapes