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Biology 12 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

FSH

A
  • stimulates the development and maturing of follicle cells
  • stimulates estrogen production
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2
Q

LH

A
  • causes corpus luteum to release progesterone
  • triggers ovulation
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3
Q

Estrogen

A
  • stimulates growth of endometrium
  • inhibits FSH release other than before ovulation
  • produced by follicle cells

*estrogen has positive feedback loop before ovulation, negative otherwise

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4
Q

progesterone

A
  • maintains endometrium
  • inhibits movement of uterus during pregnancy
  • produced by corpus luteum
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5
Q

Oogenesis

A
  1. primordial germ cell in embryo
    *differentiation
  2. oogonium - 46 chromosomes - mitotic division
    *differentiation and onset of meiosis I
  3. primary oocyte - 46
    *completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II
  4. secondary oocyte - 23
    *ovulation, entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II
  5. ovum - 23
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6
Q

Follicular/Proliferative Phase

A
  • follicle development - producing estrogen
  • endometrium thickens due to estrogen
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7
Q

hormones during Ovulation

A
  • estrogen levels are highest
  • positive feedback loop on FH & FSH from estrogen
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8
Q

Luteal/Secretory Phase

A
  • if no pregnancy, negative feedback mechanisms in work
  • all hormone levels in plasma go down
  • corpus luteum producing progesterone
    • continues thickening/maintaining of endometrium & endometrium becomes secretory - secretes glycogen
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9
Q

what happens in uterus after ovulation if fertilization

A

embryo implants into uterus and develops into a fetus

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10
Q

what happens in ovaries if egg is not fertilized

A
  • corpus luteum shrivels and is reabosrbed
  • hormone concentration is detected and menstruation occurs
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11
Q

HCGH production

A
  • before implantation, zygote produces HCGH (human chorionic gonadotropic hormone)
  • after implantation, membrane surrounding embryo produces HCGH, estrogen & progesterone
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12
Q

HCGH Function

A
  • HCGH maintains corpus luteum instead of LH during pregnancy - stops from degenerating
  • stimulates large amounts of progesterone production from corpus luteum
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13
Q

Function of Estrogen & Progesterone During Pregnancy

A
  1. shut down anterior pituitary - no new follicles mature
  2. maintain endometrium
  3. prepares breasts (enlarges) for lactation
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14
Q

embryonic development stages

A
  1. cleavage/morula
  2. blastula
  3. gastrula
  4. neurala
  5. differentiation & morphogenesis
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15
Q

blastula

A

cells of morula migrate to form a hollow sphere

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16
Q

gastrula

A

sphere invaginates (turns inside out or folds), 3 germ layers form (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

17
Q

differentiation and morphogenesis

A

specialization of cells & migration of cells to allow embryo to assume various shapes

Biology 12 (11 decks)

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