nervous system Flashcards
Afferent
carry or move inward or toward a central structure
Efferent
carry or move away from central structure
cerebr/o
skull
encephal/o
brain
gangli/o
ganglion
gli/o
glue, neuroglial tissue
kinesi/o
movement
lept/o
thin; slender
lex/o
word; phrase
mening/o
membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
meningi/o
membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
narc/o
stupor; numbness; sleep
neur/o
nerve
radicul/o
nerve root
sthen/o
strength
thalam/o
thalamus
thec/o
layer of tissue
ton/o
tension
ventricul/o
ventricle
-aglesia
pain
-algia
pain
-asthenia
weakness; debility
-esthesia
feeling
-kinesia
movement
-lepsy
seizure
-paresis
partial paralysis
-phasia
speech
-plegia
paralysis
-taxia
order; coordination
pachy-
thick
para-
around
syn-
union; together, joined
neurology
branch of medicine concerned with neurological diseases
neurologist
physician who specializes in diagnosis of nervous system disorder
psychiatry
branch of medicine concerned with mental illness
psychiatrist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental illness
cerebrovascular accident
brain tissue begins to die causing a stroke
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
transient ischemia attack (TIA)
type of stroke in which symptoms resolve witting 24 hours leaving no permanent damages
Seizure disorders
medical conditions characterized by sudden changes in behavior or consciousness caused by uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain
epileptic seizures
no know cause, chronic , and occurs repeatedly
non epileptic seizures
triggered by disorders or conditions of the brain
multiple sclerosis (MS)
autoimmune disease that targets he myelin sheath on the nerves
demyelination
loss of myelin
Mental illness
includes an array of psychological disorders, syndromes, and behavior patterns that alter mood
clinical psychiatrist
individuals trained in evaluating human behavior , intelligence, and personality
anxiety
feeling worried
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
impulsiveness , overactivity
depression
mood or disorder associated with sadness, despair, and guilt
neurosis
phobia ; fear
psychosis
lost contact with reality
agnosia
inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, and other sensations
Alzheimer disease (AD)
type of age associated dementia caused by small lesion that develop in the cerebral cortex
anencephaly
congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing
closed head trauma
injury to the head in which the dura mater remains in tact and brain tissue is not exposed
coma
abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli
concussion
traumatic injury to the brain that causes unconsciouses and is commonly temporary
convulsion
any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles that is commonly associated with such brain disorders as epilepsy
dementia
broad term refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment
dyslexia
inability to learn and process written language , despite adequate intelligence
herpes zoster
viral infection of the nerve
can cause chickenpox
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the vein
lethargy
abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli
myasthenia gravis (MG)
servere muscle weakness
spina bifida
congenital deformity of the neural tube
spinous process doesn’t form leaving spinal cord and brain
palsy
paralysis, usually partial , and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor
Bell Palsy
facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the 7th cranial nerve
cerebral palsy
type of paralysis that affects movement and muscle coordination and may affect gross and fine motor skills
paralysis
loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation
quadriplegic
paralysis in the arms, lower legs, bowel, bladder and sexual organs
paraplegic
complete or partial paralysis affecting the legs and possibly the trunk of the body but not the arms
paresthenia
sensation of numbness , prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
parkinsons disease
degenerative disorder In which the progressive loss of Brin cells leads to impairment of motor function, including tremors
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray mater of the spinal cord caused by a virus
syncope
brief loss of consciousness and posture caused by decrease of blood flow to the brain
sciatica
pain in sciatic nerve
electroencephalography
recording of electrical activity in the brain
lumbar puncture (LP)
Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes
cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding he brain and spinal cord that helps with diagnosis
Myelography
radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord
cryosurgery
technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it
ventriculoperitoneal shunting
relieve intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting excess cerebrospinal fluid from ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity
anesthetics
produce partial or complete loss of sensation
general anesthesia
complete loss of consciousness
use propofol
local anesthesia
loss of consciousness to a certain or specific area
uses procaine & lidocaine
anticonvulsants
prevent uncontrolled neuron activity
use carbamazepine & phenytoin
anti anxiety Agents
alprazolam (xanax)
antidepressants
fluoxetine (prozac)
ADHD
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
CNS
Central nervous system
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
EEG
electroencephalography
LP
lumbar puncture
MRA
magnetic resonance imaging
MS
multiple sclerosis
PNS
peripheral nervous system
TIA
transient ischemia attack
radiculopathy
damage to nerve root usually due to compressions or pinched nerve
sciatica
pain down one leg due to compressions or pinched sciatic nerve exiting the sacrum
analgesics
NSAID’s
relieve pains
