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Bio 472 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Brain, Spinal Cord

A

CNS structure

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2
Q

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves

A

PNS structure

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3
Q

Incoming sensory information

A

Afferent

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4
Q

Outgoing motor information

A

Efferent

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5
Q

CNS motor signals to muscles, voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous system

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6
Q

Involuntary (signals to heart, digestion, glands)

A

Autonomic Nervous system

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7
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic Nervous system

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8
Q

Feed and breed, repair and repose, rest and digest, etc.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous system

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9
Q

produce nerve impulses and neurotransmitters

A

Neuron

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10
Q

nerve cell bodies in the CNS

A

Perikaryon

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11
Q

RER in nerve cells

A

Nissel Substance

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12
Q

Outgoing information from neurons, transmitter

A

Axon

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13
Q

incoming information to neurons, receiver

A

Dendrite

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14
Q

support cells for neurons

A

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

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15
Q

support cells of the CNS, provides structure and nutrition for neurons (Glial Cell)

A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

myelin of the CNS, myelinates axons (insulated axons) (Glial Cell)

A

Oligodendrocytes

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17
Q

support cells of the PNS, Astrocyte of the PNS (Glial Cell)

A

Satellite Cells

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18
Q

myelin of the PNS, Oligodendrocyte of the PNS (Glial Cell)

A

Neurolemma, Schwann cells

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19
Q

Phagocytic cells, immune system cell (Glial Cell)

A

Microglia

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20
Q

produces CSF (Glial Cell)

A

Ependymal Cells

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21
Q

connects axons

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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22
Q

nerve cell bodies(Perikaryon) + glial cells

A

Grey Matter

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23
Q

myelinated nerve cell processes(axons) + glial cells

A

White Matter

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24
Q

nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

ganglia

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25
Q

collection of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS

A

nucleus

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26
Q

bundle of nerve fibers inside the CNS

A

nerve tracts

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27
Q

electrical signal travels through gap junctions between neurons (common in the heart)

A

electrical synapses

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28
Q

use neurotransmitters for signaling (most common, neuron + axon)

A

chemical synapses

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29
Q

motor signals/functions in the spinal cord

A

ventral roots

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30
Q

sensory signals/functions in the spinal cord(dorsal root ganglion)

A

dorsal roots

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31
Q

takes sensory information up the spinal cord to the brain(dorsal)

A

ascending tracts

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32
Q

takes motor information down the spinal cord from the brain(ventral)

A

descending tracts

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33
Q

nerves that supply skin, muscles of the face, neck, and shoulders

A

C1-C5

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34
Q

phrenic nerves to diaphragm (breathing regulation)

A

C3-C5

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35
Q

brachial plexus, arm muscles

A

C5-T1

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36
Q

location of the termination of the cord (becomes filamentous)

A

L2

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37
Q

transection causes quadriplegia

A

C5-T1

38
Q

transection can cause paraplegia

A

T1-L2

39
Q

mapping pattern for body sensation, dictated by spinal nerves

A

dermatomes

40
Q

inner layer of meninges, forms blood brain barrier, includes the Choroid plexus

A

pia mater

41
Q

secretes CSF

A

choroid plexus

42
Q

middle layer of meninges, fluid filled space, contains blood vessels, “concussion cushion”

A

arachnoid mater

43
Q

outer layer of meninges, made of dense connective tissue

A

dura mater

44
Q

CSF flow

A

lateral ventricle (choroid plexus)
foramen of Monroe
Third ventricle (Choroid plexus)
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fourth Ventricle (Choroid plexus)
foramen of Magendie, Luschka
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid Villi
Sagittal Sinus

45
Q

smell, sight, hearing, taste, touch, speech, body motor and sensory control, cognitive reasoning

A

telencephalon function

46
Q

sense of smell, olfactory lobes, bulbs, tracts

A

rhinencephalon

47
Q

grey matter exterior

A

gray matter location in the brain

48
Q

white matter interior

A

white matter location in the brain

49
Q

the way gray matter in the brain is arranged, bumpy surface

A

gyrus

50
Q

spaces between gyrus’s (folds)

A

sulcus

51
Q

links the right brain and left brain

A

corpus collosum

52
Q

location of lateral ventricles and foramen of Monroe

A

telencephalon

53
Q

location of thalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricle, pineal gland, optic chiasm

A

diencephalon

54
Q

integration areas to cerebrum

A

thalamus

55
Q

regulation of hunger, thirst, temperature, hormones

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

circadian rhythm control

A

pineal gland

57
Q

location of the corpora quadrigemina, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, cerebral peduncles, and cerebral aqueduct

A

Mesencephalon (Midbrain)

58
Q

eye and head movements for vision

A

superior colliculi

59
Q

head and trunk movements for hearing

A

inferior colliculi

60
Q

connects the ascending and descending tracts to the brain

A

cerebral peduncles

61
Q

location of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle

A

Metencephalon

62
Q

coordinates muscle movements, maintains equilibrium and posture,

A

cerebellum

63
Q

location of the medulla oblongata

A

Myelencephalon

64
Q

visual cortex, primary visual area, location of the visual association area

A

occipital lobe

65
Q

recognition of visual maps (faces, objects)

A

visual association area

66
Q

primary auditory area, location of the auditory association area

A

temporal lobe

67
Q

recognition of sound maps (sirens, animal noises)

A

auditory associate area

68
Q

primary motor cortex, (skilled, voluntary motor movements)

A

precentral gyrus

69
Q

contralateral mapping, upside down mapping, motor homunculus (hands and face)

A

precentral gyrus mapping

70
Q

splits the pre and post central gyrus

A

central sulcus

71
Q

somatosensory area (body sensation map,)
location of the gustatory area

A

postcentral gyrus

72
Q

contralateral mapping, upside down mapping, sensory homunculus (fingers and lips)

A

postcentral gyrus mapping

73
Q

interprets taste

A

gustatory area

74
Q

somatosensory association area, interprets sensory info

A

parietal lobe

75
Q

location of the premotor cortex, frontal eye field area, Broca’s area, and the prefrontal cortex

A

frontal lobe

76
Q

memory bank for skilled motor activities (muscle memory, playing piano, typing, etc.)

A

premotor cortex

77
Q

voluntary eye movements

A

frontal eye field area

78
Q

motor for speech

A

Broca’s area

79
Q

complex learning, personality (makes us human)

A

prefrontal cortex

80
Q

visceral sensation

A

insular cortex

81
Q

right hand control
language skills (speaking and writing)
numeric and scientific skills
reasoning

A

left brain

82
Q

left hand control
music and artistic skills
imagination
spacial relationships
mental images or sight, sound, touch, taste, smell

A

right brain

83
Q

easily reversable state of inactivity characterized by a withdrawal of interaction with the external environment
activated by serotonin and immune system regulators

A

sleep

84
Q

light sleep

A

stage 1

85
Q

transitional stage

A

stage 2

86
Q

slow wave sleep: EEG “Delta Waves” arousal is difficult

A

stage 3, 4

87
Q

rapid eye movement, EEG looks like an awake person, skeletal muscles are inhibited, dreaming evident

A

REM sleep

88
Q

severe decrease in mental function due to injury, infection, or drug overdose, loses ability for arousal, behavioral, mental function, and sleep wake cycles disappear

A

Coma

89
Q

characterized by flat EEG, apnea, no response to stimuli, lack of pupil response, and no eye movement w/ cold water exposure, vital organs may still be functioning

A

brain death

90
Q

The location where optic nerves cross

A

Optic chiasm

Bio 472 (23 decks)

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