Blood and Body Fluids

Question 1

Body Fluid % of body weight

Answer 1

60% of body weight

42L

Question 2

Intracellular Fluid % of Body weight

Answer 2

40% of body weight

28L

Question 3

Extracellular Fluid % Body weight

Answer 3

20% of body weight

14L

Question 4

Extracellular Fluid Types

Answer 4

Interstitial Fluid(15%), Plasma(5%)

% are of total body weight

Question 5

Blood and Hematopoietic Tissue Classification

Answer 5

Specialized Connective Tissue

Bone Origin

Question 6

Blood and Hematopoietic Tissue Functions

Answer 6

1. Gas Exchange
2. pH Regulation (7.35-7.45)
3. Electrolyte Balance
4. Nutrient Transport
5. Hormone Transport
6. Thermoregulation (100.4 F)
7. Immune System

Question 7

Amount of Blood in the Body

Answer 7

5-6 L in men
4-5 L in women

8% of body weight

Question 8

Plasma Component

Answer 8

55% of blood volume,

made of water, proteins, and ions,

Question 9

Proteins in Plasma

Answer 9

Albumins and Globulins, Fibrinogen

Question 10

Albumins and Globulins

Answer 10

from the liver, carrier function

located in plasma

Question 11

Fibrinogen

Answer 11

clotting

located in plasma

Question 12

Ions in Plasma

Answer 12

mostly Na+

Question 13

Oncotic Pressure

Answer 13

pressure that causes fluid to move into capillaries

Question 14

Formed Elements (Cellular Component)

Answer 14

1. Erythrocytes
2. Leukocytes
3. Platelets

45% of blood volume

Question 15

Erythrocytes

Answer 15

contians hemoglobin

Red Blood Cells

lacks nuclei, biconcave disc, 120 day life cycle

Question 16

Hematocrit

Answer 16

volume percentage of red blood cells in blood

40%-50%

Question 17

Reticulocytes

Answer 17

immature red blood cells

erythrocyte precursor

made in the bone marrow and sent to the bloodstream, lasts one day before turning into a erythrocyte

Question 18

Erythropoietin

Answer 18

stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

secreted by the Kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia

Question 19

hemoglobin

Answer 19

red protein responsible for transporting oxygen

2/3 of body iron, other 1/3 is in the liver,

Question 20

Ferritin

Answer 20

stores and releases iron

in the liver

Question 21

Transferritin

Answer 21

proteins that bind to and mediate transport of Iron through plasma

from Liver to Bone Marrow

Question 22

Kuffler Cells

Answer 22

break down RBCs into iron and Bilirubin

in the liver

Question 23

Bilirubin

Answer 23

binds to albumin

Question 24

Interstital Fluid

Answer 24

small transcellular compartment

synovium, pericardium, CFS, eye

Question 25

Thrombus

Answer 25

stational clot

Question 26

Embolus

Answer 26

clot that migrates

Question 27

Vessel Reaction to clot

Answer 27

1. Platelets swell, release Thromboxanes 2. Platelets aggregate and adhere 3. Fibrin reaction 4. Vasoconstriction, clot retraction

Question 28

Basic Fibrin Mechanism

Answer 28

1. Prothrombin + Ca++, + prothrombin activator yields thrombin 2. Thrombin activates Fibrinogen to be converted to Fibrin 3. Fibrin is further stabilized by Factor XIII

Question 29

plasminogen

Answer 29

Produces plasmin, can disolve fibrin clots | plasmin is a natural body anticoagulant ## Footnote activates by factor XIII

Question 30

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 30

1. Tissue factors activate Factor VII 2. Factor VII activates Factor X 3. Factor X + Ca + Factor V activates prothrombin cascade ## Footnote damage to tissue

Question 31

Intrinsic Pathway

Answer 31

1. Collagen or wettable surface activate Factor XII 2. activates Factor XI 3. activates Factor IX 4. activates Factor VIII 5. activates Factor X with V and Ca, activates prothrombin cascade

Question 32

What factor do Hemophiliacs lack?

Answer 32

Factor VIII

Question 33

Heparin

Answer 33

activates antithrombin III ## Footnote anticoagulant

Question 34

Ca++ Chelators

Answer 34

sodium citrate ## Footnote anticoagulant

Question 35

Siliconized Glass

Answer 35

prevents platelet response ## Footnote anticoagulant

Question 36

Warfarin/Coumarin

Answer 36

competes at liver with vitamin K | vitamin K is essential for prothrombin, VII, IX, and X assembly ## Footnote can be reversed with Vitamin K administration, diet can interfere, time tested, anticoagulant

Question 37

Elliquis/Xarelto

Answer 37

Factor Xa inhibitor ## Footnote blocks thrombin formation

Question 38

Pradaxa

Answer 38

direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 39

All new Anticoagulant agents have these traits

Answer 39

1. Block Thrombin Formation 2. Not immedietly reversible 3. emergency surgery implicaitons 4. 3-4x more expensive, but easier to use | Elliquis, Xarelto, Pradaxa

Question 40

t-PA

Answer 40

tissue Plasminogen Activator | Clot Buster ## Footnote Produces Plasmin (natural body anticoagulant) from vascular epithelium

Question 41

Streptokinase

Answer 41

clot buster made from Streptococci bacteria | Clot Buster

Question 42

Septic Shock

Answer 42

bacteria endotoxins trigger clotting mechanism | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ## Footnote plugs small vessels but bleeding may be triggered