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1st year A&P > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Leaving the brain and supplying the head and neck except the vagus nerve which supplies the head, neck, thorax and abdomen

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2
Q

Autonomic nerves

A

Contains some nerve fibres from the brain, majority of nerves arise from the spinal cord and supply smooth muscle in the internal organs, blood vessels, gland in epithelial and skin and cardiac muscles.

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3
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Leaving the spinal cord and supplying the body, wall and limbs

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves ?

A

12

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5
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from?

A

Brain

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6
Q

Structure of cranial nerves?

A

Similar to spinal nerves but don’t have distinct dorsal or ventral roots

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7
Q

How do the cranial nerves leave the cranial cavity

A

Various foramina or fissures

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8
Q

Varying Functions of cranial nerves

A
  • some convey only sensory (afferent) fibers = organ to brain
  • some convey only motor (efferent) fibres = brain to muscles or glands
  • some convey both sensory and motor fibres =mixed nerves
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9
Q

Olfactory (I)

A
  • entirely sensory nerve
  • carries info about smell or olfaction from the nerve fibres in the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavities to the olfactory bulbs of the brain
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10
Q

Optic (II)

A
  • entirely sensory
  • carries in for about sight from each eye to brain. Some of the nerve fibres leaving the eye cross over at optic chiasma on ventral surface of forebrain and travel to cerebral hemisphere on opposite sides.
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11
Q

2 nerves considered extensions of CNS. Rather then PNS

A

Olfactory and optic

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12
Q

Oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), Abducens ( VI)

A
  • all motor nerves

- carry info from brain to extrinsic muscles of eye. Brings about small and delicate movement of eye

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13
Q

Trigeminal (V)

A
  • mixed nerve
  • carries sensory info from skin around the eye and face to provide motor impulses to the muscles of mastication I.e masster.
  • supplies the tensor muscles of the eardrum and the tensor muscles of soft palate
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14
Q

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

A
  • mixed nerve
  • carries sensory fibres including taste from caudal 1/3 of the surface of the tongue and pharynx,
  • motor fibres to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate
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15
Q

Vagus ( X)

A
  • mixed nerve
  • longest cranial nerve in body
    Arises from medulla oblongata and splits into numerous named branches which supply the head and neck and thoracic and abdominal viscera.
  • Carries more sensory then motor fibres
  • one of 4 carrying parasympathetic fibres (often referred to as parasympathetic nerve)
  • carries :
  • somatic sensory fibres from pharynx and larynx
  • somatic motor fibres to muscles of the larynx and pharynx
  • visceral parasympathetic motor fibres to muscle of heart and other thoracic and abdominal viscera
  • viper also after net fibres from smooth muscles and glands of the thoracic and upper abdominal organs.
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16
Q

Assessors (XI)

A
  • motor
  • may be called spinal assessors nerve
  • Supplies motor fibres to muscles of the neck and shoulder
17
Q

Hypoglossal (XII)

A
  • motor nerve

- muscles of the tongue and hyoid apparatus

18
Q

Facial nerve (VII)

A
  • mixed
  • carries motor fibres to muscles of facial expressions, the muscles associated with movement of ears, lips and skin around eyes
  • supplies sensory fibres to ear canal and rostrum 2/3 of tongue
19
Q

Dermatomes

A

Area of skin supplies by an individual nerve

20
Q

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

A
  • sensory
  • carries in for to brain from inner ear
  • concerning balance from the semicircular canals in the inner ear m vestibular branch
21
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • divided into left and right hemispheres
  • left controls RHS of body
  • Right controls LHS of body
  • hemispheres deeply folded to increase SA and allow nutrients via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

FUNCTIONS:

  • receive sensory info, interprets, links to previous associations and sends a voluntary actions using msk systems
  • site of complex facilities e.g learning, reasoning, intellangce
22
Q

Thalamus

A
  • located deep in the tissue of the posterior forebrain

FUNCTIONS:
- process info from the sense organs and relay to cerebral cortex

23
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • located ventral to the thalamus or base of forebrain

FUNCTIONS:

  • link between endocrine systems by synthesising and secreting hormones that are stored within pituitary glands
  • controls autonomic NS by coordinating sweating, shivering, vasodilation, sleep, sex
  • maintain homeostasis e.g thermoregulagion, osmoregulation by controlling thirst and hunger senses in the brain
24
Q

Midbrain

A
  • short length of brain lying between the forebrain and hindbrain

FUNCTIONS:

  • pathway for fibers between fore and hind brains
  • controls hearing, vision and aspects of body movement.
25
Q

Pons

A
  • lies ventral to the cerebellum
  • forms a bridge of nerve fibers between central hemisphere

FUNCTIONS:
- contains centres that control respiration

26
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • lies dorsal surface of hindbrain
  • Receives sensory info from muscles and ears

FUNCTIONS:

  • controls balance and coordination- works with cerebrum to control balance and movement
  • regulates and coordinates posture, body movements

1st year A&P (13 decks)

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