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1st year A&P > musculosketal > Flashcards

musculosketal Flashcards

1
Q

middle section of a long bone?

A

diphysis

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2
Q

very end sections of long bone ?

A

ephysis

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3
Q

neck section of long bone?

A

metphysis

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4
Q

fossa

A

depression/ hallow in bone

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5
Q

foremen

A

opening inside the body that allows key structure to connect 1 part of body to another

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6
Q

tubercle

A

small knobby promiance

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7
Q

Intertubercle groove

A

deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle

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8
Q

trochanter

A

any of a no. of bony protuberances by which the muscles are attached to the upper part of the tight bone

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9
Q

head

A

anterior and superior part of a structure or organism

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10
Q

neck

A

any narrow or constricted part of a bone or organ that joins its part

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11
Q

tubersity

A

a rough projection or protuberance of a bone as for attachment of muscle

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12
Q

condyle

A

rounded protubalance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

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13
Q

Epicondyle

A

a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the 2 at the elbow end of the humus.

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14
Q

process

A

projection or outgrowth of tissue from a large body

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15
Q

notch

A

v-shaped cut, indentation or nick, especially at edge of the object or structure

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16
Q

osteoblasts

A

make new bone matrix

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17
Q

osteocytes

A

a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the material it has secreted.

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18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

break down:

1) bone may need remodelling
2) calcium released

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19
Q

fibrous joint

A
  • bones connected by connective tissue
  • minimal movement
  • no joint space
  • i.e skull, teeth
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20
Q

cartilaginous joint

A
  • joints held together by cartilage
  • allows some movement ( more then fibrous joints and less then synovial joints)
  • i.e pelvis
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21
Q

synovial joint

A
  • joint cavity
  • bone connected by ligament
  • greatest range of movement
  • elbow, knees …
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22
Q

flexion

A

wrist towards shoulder

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23
Q

extension

A

wrist away from shoulder

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24
Q

Abduction

A

arm away from body

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25
adduction
arm towards body
26
rotation
elbow at side and moving arms in circle
27
circumduction
back crawl/ front stroke
28
pronation
hands in front seeing back of hand
29
suspination
turning flat hands out to see hands
30
protraction
strenghting out a full forelimb all in extension
31
retraction
pointing limb backwards behind body
32
axial skeleton
- skull and hyoid apparatus - spinal coulmn ( made by vertebrae) - ribs - sterum
33
forelimb proxal to distal
- clavicle - scapula - humerus - radius and ulna - carpal bones ( radiocarapal, ulnacarpal, accessory, I,II,III, IV) - metacarapal bones (I-V) - Phalanges ( 3 digits on each ex. dew claw)
34
main parts of skull
cranium, maxilla, mandible, hyoid apparatus
35
function of skull
- protect and house brain - hosuing and sense organs - attachment for the manible - attachment for the hyoid apparatus - attach the facial muscles - host teeth - attach layrnx to hyoid apparatus
36
types of joints in skull and names of
- fibrous - temporomanidibular joints is synovial - each mandible is joined by manidbular symphysis
37
bony landmarks of skull
- foramen magnum - occipital condyles - tympanic bulla - zygomatic arch - tempero-mandibular joint (TMJ) - orbit - occipital crest - mandible : ramus( branch), angle of jaw, body
38
what forms the hard palate
maxilla, palatine and incisive
39
where is hyoid apparatus found
found in cranial end of the neck region, ventral to the skull
40
what i hyiod apparatus made up of and what type of joint
number of very small bones joined by cartilaginous joints
41
what does hyoid apparatus do
is a suspensory mechaniosm for the tongue and larynx allowing the larynx to swing cranially and caudally during swallowing
42
parts of the hyoid apparatus
stylohyoid, epihyoid, certatohyoid, basihyoid, thyroid cartilage.
43
3 types of head shapes
brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic
44
what are sinuses
air filled cavities within a bone, lie within the facial bones of the skull - lined with cilited epithelium and communciate with nasal cavities
45
the 2 sinuses are...
maxilary- not a true sinus but a recess at the caudal end of the nasal cavity. frontal- lies within the frontal bone of the skull and cam vary in skull size and age
46
2 things not part of the axial
scapula and pelvis
47
function of vertabrae
enable movement and posture, aid support of head, provide attachment for muscles, protect spinal cord
48
sections of vertebrae and no. for dog and cat
``` cervical (7) thoracic vertebrae (13) lumbar vertebrae (7) sacrum (3) cooygeal (20-23) ```
49
basic structure of vertebrae
Cylindrical body- bulk of vertabrae neural arch- dorsaly helps to form vertebral foramen vertebral foreman- holds spinal cord
50
Intervertbral disc
between sections of vertbrae, helps prevent damnge to spinal cord ( fibrous cartilaginous' shook absorbers)
51
what does Intervertbral disc contain
annulus fibrosus- outer tough fibrous connective tissue | nucleolus pulposus- inner gelatinous core material
52
C1 name, shape and function
atlas 2 large transverse processes and no spinous processes allows movement up and down of head
53
C2 name, shape and function
axis elogated spinous process for attachment of neck muslces and nuchal lig. acts as a pivot to allow rotation of the head
54
what is the odontiod process
projection of bone on the cranial aspect which articulates with the atlas
55
cervical vertebrae appearance
similar to basic appernance but with increasing length of spinous process , increasing caudally
56
how many ribs does dog and cat have
13 pairs
57
intercostal space
space between each rib and contains intercostal muscles
58
sternal ribs
ribs 1-8 as costal cartilage joins with sternum
59
asternal or false ribs
ribs 9-12 touch costal cartilage of rib infront and attached to costal arch, do not touch sternum
60
floating rib
rib 13 not articulate with the cartilage of other rib
61
how many parts to the sternum
8 ( each gets a rib)
62
manubrium
most cranial sternebra- thoracic inlet
63
xiphoid process
most caudal sternebra
64
Appendicular skeleton
forelimbs and hindlimbs
65
forelimb proxal to distal
clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, digits (phalanges)
66
do dogs and cats have clavicles
``` dogs = no cats = yes ```
67
fossa of the scapula
supraspinous fossa | infraspinous fossa
68
acromion
distal tip of the scapula spine
69
gleniod cavity
socket distal end scapula
70
greater tubercle
promiance on the cranial and lateral aspect of the humerus
71
lesser tubercle
promiance on the cranial and medial aspect of the humerus
72
olecrannon fossa
depression proximal to the condyle fitting anoneal process (ulna)
73
olecranon
point of elbow on ulna
74
anconeal process
projection stabilising joint with radius and humerus
75
trochlear notch
cavity that holds humerus condyle
76
carpus
7 short bones. 3 proximal 4 distal
77
assessory carpal bone
sits on lateral edge and projects caudally for muscle attachment
78
ungual process
3rd digit part of claw

1st year A&P (13 decks)

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