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1st year A&P > musculosketal > Flashcards

musculosketal Flashcards

1
Q

middle section of a long bone?

A

diphysis

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2
Q

very end sections of long bone ?

A

ephysis

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3
Q

neck section of long bone?

A

metphysis

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4
Q

fossa

A

depression/ hallow in bone

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5
Q

foremen

A

opening inside the body that allows key structure to connect 1 part of body to another

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6
Q

tubercle

A

small knobby promiance

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7
Q

Intertubercle groove

A

deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle

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8
Q

trochanter

A

any of a no. of bony protuberances by which the muscles are attached to the upper part of the tight bone

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9
Q

head

A

anterior and superior part of a structure or organism

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10
Q

neck

A

any narrow or constricted part of a bone or organ that joins its part

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11
Q

tubersity

A

a rough projection or protuberance of a bone as for attachment of muscle

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12
Q

condyle

A

rounded protubalance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

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13
Q

Epicondyle

A

a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the 2 at the elbow end of the humus.

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14
Q

process

A

projection or outgrowth of tissue from a large body

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15
Q

notch

A

v-shaped cut, indentation or nick, especially at edge of the object or structure

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16
Q

osteoblasts

A

make new bone matrix

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17
Q

osteocytes

A

a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the material it has secreted.

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18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

break down:

1) bone may need remodelling
2) calcium released

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19
Q

fibrous joint

A
  • bones connected by connective tissue
  • minimal movement
  • no joint space
  • i.e skull, teeth
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20
Q

cartilaginous joint

A
  • joints held together by cartilage
  • allows some movement ( more then fibrous joints and less then synovial joints)
  • i.e pelvis
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21
Q

synovial joint

A
  • joint cavity
  • bone connected by ligament
  • greatest range of movement
  • elbow, knees …
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22
Q

flexion

A

wrist towards shoulder

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23
Q

extension

A

wrist away from shoulder

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24
Q

Abduction

A

arm away from body

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25
Q

adduction

A

arm towards body

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26
Q

rotation

A

elbow at side and moving arms in circle

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27
Q

circumduction

A

back crawl/ front stroke

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28
Q

pronation

A

hands in front seeing back of hand

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29
Q

suspination

A

turning flat hands out to see hands

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30
Q

protraction

A

strenghting out a full forelimb all in extension

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31
Q

retraction

A

pointing limb backwards behind body

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32
Q

axial skeleton

A
  • skull and hyoid apparatus
  • spinal coulmn ( made by vertebrae)
  • ribs
  • sterum
33
Q

forelimb proxal to distal

A
  • clavicle
  • scapula
  • humerus
  • radius and ulna
  • carpal bones ( radiocarapal, ulnacarpal, accessory, I,II,III, IV)
  • metacarapal bones (I-V)
  • Phalanges ( 3 digits on each ex. dew claw)
34
Q

main parts of skull

A

cranium, maxilla, mandible, hyoid apparatus

35
Q

function of skull

A
  • protect and house brain
  • hosuing and sense organs
  • attachment for the manible
  • attachment for the hyoid apparatus
  • attach the facial muscles
  • host teeth
  • attach layrnx to hyoid apparatus
36
Q

types of joints in skull and names of

A
  • fibrous
  • temporomanidibular joints is synovial
  • each mandible is joined by manidbular symphysis
37
Q

bony landmarks of skull

A
  • foramen magnum
  • occipital condyles
  • tympanic bulla
  • zygomatic arch
  • tempero-mandibular joint (TMJ)
  • orbit
  • occipital crest
  • mandible : ramus( branch), angle of jaw, body
38
Q

what forms the hard palate

A

maxilla, palatine and incisive

39
Q

where is hyoid apparatus found

A

found in cranial end of the neck region, ventral to the skull

40
Q

what i hyiod apparatus made up of and what type of joint

A

number of very small bones joined by cartilaginous joints

41
Q

what does hyoid apparatus do

A

is a suspensory mechaniosm for the tongue and larynx allowing the larynx to swing cranially and caudally during swallowing

42
Q

parts of the hyoid apparatus

A

stylohyoid, epihyoid, certatohyoid, basihyoid, thyroid cartilage.

43
Q

3 types of head shapes

A

brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic

44
Q

what are sinuses

A

air filled cavities within a bone, lie within the facial bones of the skull
- lined with cilited epithelium and communciate with nasal cavities

45
Q

the 2 sinuses are…

A

maxilary- not a true sinus but a recess at the caudal end of the nasal cavity.
frontal- lies within the frontal bone of the skull and cam vary in skull size and age

46
Q

2 things not part of the axial

A

scapula and pelvis

47
Q

function of vertabrae

A

enable movement and posture, aid support of head, provide attachment for muscles, protect spinal cord

48
Q

sections of vertebrae and no. for dog and cat

A 
cervical (7)
thoracic vertebrae (13)
lumbar vertebrae (7)
sacrum (3)
cooygeal (20-23)
49
Q

basic structure of vertebrae

A

Cylindrical body- bulk of vertabrae
neural arch- dorsaly helps to form vertebral foramen
vertebral foreman- holds spinal cord

50
Q

Intervertbral disc

A

between sections of vertbrae, helps prevent damnge to spinal cord ( fibrous cartilaginous’ shook absorbers)

51
Q

what does Intervertbral disc contain

A

annulus fibrosus- outer tough fibrous connective tissue

nucleolus pulposus- inner gelatinous core material

52
Q

C1 name, shape and function

A

atlas
2 large transverse processes and no spinous processes
allows movement up and down of head

53
Q

C2 name, shape and function

A

axis
elogated spinous process for attachment of neck muslces and nuchal lig.
acts as a pivot to allow rotation of the head

54
Q

what is the odontiod process

A

projection of bone on the cranial aspect which articulates with the atlas

55
Q

cervical vertebrae appearance

A

similar to basic appernance but with increasing length of spinous process , increasing caudally

56
Q

how many ribs does dog and cat have

A

13 pairs

57
Q

intercostal space

A

space between each rib and contains intercostal muscles

58
Q

sternal ribs

A

ribs 1-8 as costal cartilage joins with sternum

59
Q

asternal or false ribs

A

ribs 9-12 touch costal cartilage of rib infront and attached to costal arch, do not touch sternum

60
Q

floating rib

A

rib 13 not articulate with the cartilage of other rib

61
Q

how many parts to the sternum

A

8 ( each gets a rib)

62
Q

manubrium

A

most cranial sternebra- thoracic inlet

63
Q

xiphoid process

A

most caudal sternebra

64
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

forelimbs and hindlimbs

65
Q

forelimb proxal to distal

A

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, digits (phalanges)

66
Q

do dogs and cats have clavicles

A 
dogs = no 
cats = yes
67
Q

fossa of the scapula

A

supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

68
Q

acromion

A

distal tip of the scapula spine

69
Q

gleniod cavity

A

socket distal end scapula

70
Q

greater tubercle

A

promiance on the cranial and lateral aspect of the humerus

71
Q

lesser tubercle

A

promiance on the cranial and medial aspect of the humerus

72
Q

olecrannon fossa

A

depression proximal to the condyle fitting anoneal process (ulna)

73
Q

olecranon

A

point of elbow on ulna

74
Q

anconeal process

A

projection stabilising joint with radius and humerus

75
Q

trochlear notch

A

cavity that holds humerus condyle

76
Q

carpus

A

7 short bones. 3 proximal 4 distal

77
Q

assessory carpal bone

A

sits on lateral edge and projects caudally for muscle attachment

78
Q

ungual process

A

3rd digit part of claw

1st year A&P (13 decks)

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