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1st year A&P > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Male repro is adapted to …

A
  • produce spermatozoa which fertile the ova
  • produce fluid which aids the survival of sperm and transports them into genital tract
  • secreted hormones that bring about development of male secondary sexual characteristics and behavioural patterns
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2
Q

Parts of male tract

A 
Testis 
Epididymis 
Ductus deferents 
Urthera 
Penis 
Prostate gland 
Bulbo-Urethral gland (cat only )
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3
Q

Where do testes lie

A

Outside body cavity but are retained by scrotum

Connected to urthera via deferent duct and lie in pelvic cavity

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4
Q

What does urthera do

A

Runs in the penis and shared with urinary system

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5
Q

Male gonad

A

Testies

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6
Q

Function if testis

A
  • produce sperm to fertilise the ova from the female animal
  • secrete hormones which cause the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics and male behavioural patterns
  • produced fluid to aid survival and help transport them into femalegential tract
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7
Q

What is the scrotum

A

Pouch of skin that lies outside the body and is internally divided into 2 sacs by a central septum l each sac contains a tests

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8
Q

Describe the position of the cat scrotum

A

Lies ventral to the anus and close to inschial arch

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9
Q

Dartos muscle

A

A layer of smooth muscle inside the wall of the scrotum which when contracted pulls the scrotal skin and with the testes closer to the body

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10
Q

Why does the dartos muscle contract

A

To pull testes closer to the body to keep warm in cold weather or relax as in warm weather to cool to ensure efficient spermatogenesis/ sperm production

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11
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

White fibrous tissue capsule covering externally each testies

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12
Q

Semi fibrous tubules

A

Numerous coiled blind ending tubules internally in the testes

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13
Q

Spermatogonia

A

After many divisions these are responsible for the producing immature sperm or spermtids

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14
Q

Sertoli cells

A

These secrete nutrients to prolong the survival of the sperm as they travel along the seminiferous tubules.

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15
Q

Hormone secreted by spermatogonia and Sertoli cells

A

Oestrogen

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16
Q

Where are cells of the leydig or interstitual cells

A

Lying between the seminiferous tubules

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17
Q

The leydig cells

A

Controlled by luternising hormones (LH) secreted by the anterior pituary gland at the base of brain,
- secrete the hormone testosterone

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18
Q

What does testosterone cause

A
  • development and maintenance of male genital tract and accessory gland
  • devlopement of the secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle development, dis ration of hair size, colour of plumage in birds,
  • male behaviour ( sexual behaviour, territoriality and aggression
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19
Q

WHat does testerone regulate

A

Regulate its own production via a feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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20
Q

Epididymis

A

The coiled seminiferous tubules make up most of the testicular tissue and the tubules join to form a network of straighter tubules known as rete testes and unite to form epididymis .

Epididymis is a long coiled tube lying along the dorsal after border if the testis p.

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21
Q

Vaginal process or tunica vaginalies

A

An outpouch or Evagination of the peritoneum that wraps the testis to form the double layer of connective tissue

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22
Q

The tunica vaginalis wraps around the spermatic cord which contains the

A

Spermatic artery
Spermatic vein
Spermatic nerve
Ductus deferens

23
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Lies within the connective muscle of the spermatic cord

When this contracts pulls testis closer to body

24
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Band of tissue that attaches at one end of the tail of testis and the epididymis and the other end of the scrotal sac.

  • pulls testis caudaulky trough abdomen into scrotum
25
Q

Ingunial canal

A

Spilt in the abdominal oblique muscle

26
Q

What happens when testes passed through inginial canal

A

Wrapped in fold of peritoneum which forms the tunica vaginalis

27
Q

When does a) dog b) cat testes become palpable

A

Dog - 5 days to 14 weeks
cat- 2 days to 12 weeks

No later then 6 months for each

28
Q

When castration occur

A

Animal sexually mature

5months for cat
6-9 months for dog

29
Q

Anorchidism

A

Absence of testes at birth

30
Q

Monochidism

A

A single testes present at birth

31
Q

What are retuned testes likely to develop

A

Sertoli cell tumour

32
Q

Where is sperm produced stored

A

Cauda epididymis

33
Q

During ejaculation where is sperm propelled

A

From the epididymis up the ductus deferens to enter the urthera as it leaves bladder

34
Q

Functions of ductus deferens

A
  • convey sperm from the testes to the urethra

- convey fluids, much of which is produced by the assessory gland, from testis to urethra

35
Q

Where does the pair of deferent ducts connect

A

Narrow tube leading from cauda epididymis to the urthera

Leaves the scrotum in the spermatic cod and enters the peritoneal cavity via the incunabula canal

36
Q

Other names for ductus deferens

A

Vas deferens or the ductus deferens

37
Q

Point where DD joins urthera is surrounded by

A

Prostate gland and the wall of the tubule is thickened and glandular

38
Q

Cross section across lie,n each DD consists of 3 layers:

A

Lining of muscous membrane
Layer of smooth muscle
Layer of connective tissue

39
Q

Urthera

A

Runs from neck of bladder to external opening of the urinogential system at the tip of the penis

  • in dog considered part of oelivoc and part penile
  • penile part passes over the ischial arch
40
Q

What direction does the opening of the urthera point

A

Cranially

41
Q

Cat urethra

A

Short and doesn’t extend further then ischial arch

Opening points causally

42
Q

Only assessory gland present in dog

A

Pelvic urthera

43
Q

Position of urthera

A

Lies on floor of pelvic cavity and runs caudaulky
Passes over ischial arch at the caudal edge of pelvic cavity and is surrounded by layer of Carter nouns erectile tissue known as corpus cavernous membrane penis

44
Q

Corpus carernosum penis

A

Erectile tissue consists of connective tissue perforated by caverns lined in endothelium. During sexual excitement these caverns full with blood under pressure and tissue become engorged or erect

45
Q

Combination of urethra and cavernous ercetile tissue when is considered penis

A

From the point passing over ischial arch

46
Q

How is penis attached to ischial arch

A

Pair of crura made of fibrous connective tissues

- come tougher in midline to form the root of the penis

47
Q

Which way does penis curve

A

Cranially passing between thighs and runs ventral to abdomen

48
Q

Two parts of penis

A

The body- attaches to the ventral body wall

The glans penis- free end of the penis

49
Q

1st quart of glans penis

A

Bulb of the penis becomes notcibality swollen when erect

50
Q

What happens to bulb of penis during sex

A

Female vaginal muscles clamp tight around bulb of penis to maintain erection

51
Q

Urthera postiob to penis

A

Lies Ventral to attachments of penis

52
Q

Why is os penis

A

Within tissue of glans penis and dorsal to urthera

- forms tunnel like structure around dorsal 2/3 of urethra

53
Q

Function of os penis

A

Aid entry of penis into vagina of the bitch during mating to increase rigidity

54
Q

Pre-prostatic urethra

A

Urethra leaves neck of bladder and runs on the floor of the pelvis for a short distance before it is surrounded by an accessory sex Gland, the prostate gland

1st year A&P (13 decks)

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