Digestive

Question 1

How many layers of smooth muscle does the stomach occur

Answer 1

3 layers

Question 2

2 types of stomach contraction

Answer 2

Rhythmic segmentation- chops up and mixes food bolus

Peristalsis- moves food along and into the duodenum

Question 3

When do stomach contractions become become more frequent

Answer 3

Stomach empty

Question 4

3 types of vomiting

Answer 4

Active vomiting- preced by salvation and nausea , followed by strong abominal contractions and expulsion of the vomit

Passive vomiting -may be an overflow of oesophageal contents or may be due to a medical condition

Projectile vomiting- violent ejection of the stomach conjent

Question 5

Vomiting

Answer 5

Defined as ingests and fluids against the normal direction of swallowing and peristalsis

Question 6

Vomiting factors and causes

Answer 6

• Substances which irrate the gastric mucosa ( decaying food, rubbish, as eaten by scavenging dogs chemical, poisons)
• viral infections- distemper, canine parvovirus
• bacterial infections- leptospirosis
• foreign bodies such as plastic toys, balls or anything.
• tumours or obstruction of GI tract
• endoparasites such round worms
• reaction to certain drugs such anaesthetic
• Travel sickness
• Metabolic disease such as disease mellitus, pancreatitis and pyometra

Question 7

Rugae

Answer 7

Mucous membrane arranged in folds

Question 8

Gastric pits

Answer 8

Glands encased within the mucous membrane

• responsible for secreting the gastric juices that set in motion the digestion of protein

Question 9

Cells making up gastric pits

Answer 9

Parietal cell- secrete hydrochloric acid, creating an acid pH in the stomach

Chief cells - secrete an enzyme precursor called perinsogen which later converted to pepsin

Goblet cell- which secrete mucus to protect the wall of the stomach from the acid to enzyme

Question 10

Stomach capacity of dogs

Answer 10

45-90 ml/kg

Question 11

How long does liquid food take to empty in dog stomach

Answer 11

30 minutes

Question 12

How long does solid and fatty food take to empty stomach

Answer 12

3-6 hours

Question 13

Chyme

Answer 13

Food mixed with digestive juices in early stage of digestion and has acid pH

Question 14

How is the release of chyme controlled

Answer 14

The pyloric sphincter releases the chyme in spurts to avoid overloading

Question 15

Small intestine

Answer 15

Most important site for enzymatic digestion and absorption of products of digestion

Question 16

4 layers inside the walls of each small intestine

Answer 16

• Epithelial layer ( inner layer)
• submucosa
• smooth muscle
• Serosa or visceral peritoneum (outer layer)

Question 17

instrinsic glands in duodenum

Answer 17

Brunner glands - secrete mixture of digestive enzymes known as succus entericus

Question 18

Instrinsic glands illeum and jejunum

Answer 18

Crypts of lieberkuhn and referred to as instrinsic glands as they lie within the wall of the intestine, they also secrete mixture of digestive enzymes

Question 19

Epithelial layer

Answer 19

A mucous membrane, contains discrete areas of lymphoid tissue. These areas help to protect the body from invasion by disease - causing organisms which could penetrate the lining of the intestine.

Illeum= peters patches