nervous coordination and behaviour (ch 6) Flashcards
whats the function of the nervous system
it enables humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour.
what does receptor do
detects changes (stimuli)
summarise how the nervous system works
receptor -> stimulus -> sensory neuron -> relay neuron -> motor neuron -> effector (gland or muscle) -> response
whatre the 2 effectors
muscles(contract) and glands(secrete hormones)
whats the order of neurones
sensory -> relay -> motor
give an example of a coordinator
the brain, it plans an appropriate response
whats the job of sensory neurons
recieves stimulus from receptor then converts it to an impulse
whats the job or relay neurons
to link sensory with motor by converting impulses into neurotransmitters (chemicals) to be diffused through the synapse
whats the job of motor neurons
to recieve response from cns then send impulse to effector to carry our a response
what type of actions do reflex arcs do
-invoulentary responses
automatic and rapid
summarise the reflex arc
stimuli detected by receptor -> sensory neuron -> spinal cord->relay neuron ->motor neuron -> effector-> response
define behaviour
an action in response to a stimulis. this modifies the relationship between the organism and its environment
what is innate behaviour
unlearnt behaviour as a result of nerve pathwats formed in a developing embryo
what is habituation
when the animal stops responding to a repeated stimulus
whats imprinting
- when a young animal attaches and identifies itself with a larger and older organism, usually parental figure
- this helps young animals identify animals of the same species
whatre the 4 different types of animal behaviour
-habituation
-imprinting
-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
whats classical conditioning
when animals associate a reflex (invoulentary behaviour) to a stimulis, ex: dogs salivating when they see bells due to associating it with food
whats operant conditioning
- learning by trial and error
-if a behaviour is rewarded the animal is likely to repeat it
-if a behaviour is associated with the animal being punished theyre less likely to repeat the action
whatre the 3 signals animals send to communicate
- sound signals
- visual signals
-chemical signals
why do animals compete to select a good quality mate
- to pass the good allele onto their offspring and increase offsprings chance of survival
what are the 4 mating strategies
-finding mate for life
-several mates over a lifetime
- 1 mate per breeding season
-several mates over a breeding season
why do animals develop parenting strategies
- to increase their offsprings chance of survival
- to increase the chance of their own parental allele being passed on
why does parenting put older animals at risk
cause theyre more vunerable to starvation and predators
whatre the 2 ways humans utilise animals
- sniffer dogs to detect illegal drugs and weapons
- police horses to get through crowds faster
how are sniffer dogs and poilice horses trained
using operant conditioning
