nervous coordination and behaviour (ch 6)

Question 1

whats the function of the nervous system

Answer 1

it enables humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour.

Question 2

what does receptor do

Answer 2

detects changes (stimuli)

Question 3

summarise how the nervous system works

Answer 3

receptor -> stimulus -> sensory neuron -> relay neuron -> motor neuron -> effector (gland or muscle) -> response

Question 4

whatre the 2 effectors

Answer 4

muscles(contract) and glands(secrete hormones)

Question 5

whats the order of neurones

Answer 5

sensory -> relay -> motor

Question 6

give an example of a coordinator

Answer 6

the brain, it plans an appropriate response

Question 7

whats the job of sensory neurons

Answer 7

recieves stimulus from receptor then converts it to an impulse

Question 8

whats the job or relay neurons

Answer 8

to link sensory with motor by converting impulses into neurotransmitters (chemicals) to be diffused through the synapse

Question 9

whats the job of motor neurons

Answer 9

to recieve response from cns then send impulse to effector to carry our a response

Question 10

what type of actions do reflex arcs do

Answer 10

-invoulentary responses
automatic and rapid

Question 11

summarise the reflex arc

Answer 11

stimuli detected by receptor -> sensory neuron -> spinal cord->relay neuron ->motor neuron -> effector-> response

Question 12

define behaviour

Answer 12

an action in response to a stimulis. this modifies the relationship between the organism and its environment

Question 13

what is innate behaviour

Answer 13

unlearnt behaviour as a result of nerve pathwats formed in a developing embryo

Question 14

what is habituation

Answer 14

when the animal stops responding to a repeated stimulus

Question 15

whats imprinting

Answer 15

• when a young animal attaches and identifies itself with a larger and older organism, usually parental figure
• this helps young animals identify animals of the same species

Question 16

whatre the 4 different types of animal behaviour

Answer 16

-habituation
-imprinting
-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning

Question 17

whats classical conditioning

Answer 17

when animals associate a reflex (invoulentary behaviour) to a stimulis, ex: dogs salivating when they see bells due to associating it with food

Question 18

whats operant conditioning

Answer 18

• learning by trial and error
  -if a behaviour is rewarded the animal is likely to repeat it
  -if a behaviour is associated with the animal being punished theyre less likely to repeat the action

Question 19

whatre the 3 signals animals send to communicate

Answer 19

• sound signals
• visual signals
  -chemical signals

Question 20

why do animals compete to select a good quality mate

Answer 20

• to pass the good allele onto their offspring and increase offsprings chance of survival

Question 21

what are the 4 mating strategies

Answer 21

-finding mate for life
-several mates over a lifetime
- 1 mate per breeding season
-several mates over a breeding season

Question 22

why do animals develop parenting strategies

Answer 22

• to increase their offsprings chance of survival
• to increase the chance of their own parental allele being passed on

Question 23

why does parenting put older animals at risk

Answer 23

cause theyre more vunerable to starvation and predators

Question 24

whatre the 2 ways humans utilise animals

Answer 24

• sniffer dogs to detect illegal drugs and weapons
• police horses to get through crowds faster

Question 25

how are sniffer dogs and poilice horses trained

Answer 25

using operant conditioning