Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > 3.5 INHERITANCE > Flashcards

3.5 INHERITANCE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where is genetic info held

A

in dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whatre the 2 types of reproduction

A

-sexual
-asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do parents pass on genetic information

A

sex cells (gametes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do chromosomes carry and where are they found

A

they carry genes that control characteristics of the body
found in nucleus of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe sexual reproduction

A

the joining of female and male gametes, which leads to variety in offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

descrube asexual reproduction

A

only 1 parent,no mixing of genetic info so no variation in offspring, parent is cloned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are alleles

A

different forms of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whatre the sex chromosomes of females

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the sex chromosomes for males

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does mitosis occur

A

to prodcue addictional cells during growth or replacement cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe what happens when a body cell divides by miosis

A
  • copies of the genetic material are made
    -the cell then divides once to form two genetically identical body cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do cells undergo meiosis

A

form gametes (sex cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe what happens when cells divide to form gametes

A

-copies of the genetic information are made
-the cell then divides twice to form four gametes, each with a single set of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens when 2 gametes join at fertalisation

A

form a single body cells with new pairs of chromosomes -> divide by mitosis to form many cells -> differentiate to specialised cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do we use cells from embryos and adult bone marrow (stem cells)

A

to differentate into diff cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats the difference between animal and plant cells in terms of differentiation

A

animal cells differentiate at an early stage and are then restricted to repair and replacement while plant cells can differentiate throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in therapeutic cloning

A

embryo is produced with same genes as patient so stem cells from embryo arent rejected by patients body and can be used for medical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how are tumours formed

A

abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

whats the difference between benign and malignant tumours

A

benign dont invade other tissues while malignant invade healthy isses and can enter the bloodstream and go to other parts of the bdoy which forms secondary tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how can tumours be caused

A

chemical carcingogens llike smoke
ionising radiation (uv and xrays)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whatre the 3 cause of differences in individuals

A

-genes theyve inherited
-conditions theyve developed
-combination of environmental and genetic causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are in the human body

A

23 pairs and 46 in total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when does an indivodual have homozygous gene

A

f. If both chromosomes in a pair contain the same allele of a gene, the individual is homozygous for that gene

22
Q

when does someone have a hetrozygous gene

A

if the chromosomes in a pair contain different alleles of a gene,

23
Q

whats a dominant allele

A

an allele that controls the development of a characteristic when it is present on only one of the chromosomes

24
Q

whats a recessive allele

A

An allele that controls the development of a characteristic only if the dominant allele is not present is called a recessive allele

25
Q

why was mendels ideas not accepted at first

A

other theories were in place,chromosomes couldnt be seen so there was a lack of evidence,he wasnt seen as a scientist

26
Q

whats a phenotype

A

the physical appearance of a person regarding a specific characteristic, ex-dimples or no dimples

27
Q

whats a genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic, ex- DD or Dd

28
Q

whatre genes made of

A

protiens in small strands of amino acids

28
Q

whats dna made of

A

long strands twisted to form a double helix which contains 4 different bases

28
Q

whats the code for a particular amino acid

A

a secuence of 3 bases which are assembled to form a particular protien

29
Q

whats polydactyl

A

when a gene is inherited from either parents for extra fingers or toes

30
Q

whatre inherited disorders called

A

genetic disorders or inherited disorderes

31
Q

is polydactly dominant or recessive

A

dominant

32
Q

whats cystic fibrosis

A

cell membrane disorder that causes a thick and sticky mucus

33
Q

what type of allele is cystic fibrosis

A

recessive,so it must be inherited from both parents outherwise yorue a carrier

34
Q

how do you cure inherited disorders

A

antibiotics for cystic fibrosis or genetic engineering

35
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

when the red blood cells become sickle shaped so they dont carry oxygen effecively

36
Q

what disease does sickle cell anemia make u less likely to have

A

malaria,since its caused by intravnous (blood) spread

37
Q

what type of allele is sickle cell anemia

A

recessive, so both parents must be homozygous for you to inherit it

38
Q

whats the cause of downs syndrome

A

inheritance of abnormal number of chromosomes

39
Q

what 2 genetic disorders are caused by recessive alleles

A

sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis

40
Q

what genetic disorder is caused by dominant alleles

A

polydactyl

41
Q

whatre the 4 modern cloning techniques

A

-tissue culture
-cuttings
-embryo transplant
-adult cell cloning

42
Q

what is tissue culture

A

-use small groups of cells from part of a plant to guarintee thousands of offpsings with the characteristic of the 1 individual plant

43
Q

whats cuttings

A

-older but simpler method where you produce identical plants from a parent plant

44
Q

whats embyo cloning

A

splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become
specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers

44
Q

whatre the steps for adult cell cloning

A

-the nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
2- the nucleus from an adult body cell, eg a skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell.
3-electric shock then acts as the catalyst 4-the egg cell to begin to divide to form embryo cells.
5-These embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult cell.
6-When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development.

44
Q

whatre the advantages and disadvantages of adult cell cloning

A

adv-clone and prevent extinction of useful animals
dis-unethical since you can clone humans now and it might be abused,identical genes -> less variation -> population wont be able to survive environmental changes in future -> dead livestock so no profits

44
Q

what happens in genetic enginerring

A

genes from chromosomes of humans can be cit out and transfered to cells of other organisms

45
Q

describe the steps of genetic engineering

A

-enzymes are used to isolate the required gene
- this gene is inserted into a vector, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus
- the vector is used to insert the gene into the required cells.

46
Q

how is genetic engineering useful to cells in early stages of development

A

they have the desired characteristic

47
Q

how are GM crops useful to farmers

A

theyre resistant to insect attacks or herbacides which increase the yield

48
Q

what are the concerns about GM crops

A

-unsure about longterm effects
-effect on plants and insects

49
Q

whatre the benifits of genetic engineering

A

-improved growth rate of animal and plants
-increased food value due to a larger yield
-not weather dependant crops
-used to make crops that make their own pestacide and are resistant to herbacides
-cure inherited conditions (gene therapy)
-ethical issues (pet cloning)

biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions