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biology > chapter 4 circulation > Flashcards

chapter 4 circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 components of the circulatory system

A

blood vessles
the heart
blood

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2
Q

what is the double circulatory system

A

-carries blood from heart to lungs then back again
-other carries blood to all organs then back to the heartar

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2
Q

arteries carry blood ____ from the heart

A

away

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3
Q

veins bring blood ____ your heart

A

into

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4
Q

whats the function of coronary arteries

A

to provide oxygen to the heart

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5
Q

blood enters the heart through the 2 ____

A

atriums

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6
Q

the vena cava brings in ____ blood into the heart from the lungs

A

deoxygenated

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7
Q

the pulmonary vein carries _____ blood from the lungs to the heart

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

the atriums contract to force blood down the ____

A

ventricles

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9
Q

how many chambers does the heart have and what are they called

A

4 chambers, right and left atrium then right and left ventricles

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10
Q

whats the function of valves

A

to prevent blood backflow

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11
Q

which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood

A

right

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12
Q

why is the muscel wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right

A

because it needs to hold more pressure since it needs to push out oxygenated blood to supply your whole body

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13
Q

which area in the heart produces natural pacemakers

A

-right atrium

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13
Q

what do artificial pacemakers do

A

-correct irregularities in heart rate or rythim

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14
Q

why are atrificial hearts used

A

to support patients till a donor is found or until a damaged heart recovers

15
Q

what type of blood do arteries ccarry

A

oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other organs

16
Q

whatre the characteristics of arteries

A

-thick muscular and elastic wall to support high blood pressure
-small lumen

17
Q

what type of blood do veins carry

A

deoxygenated blood into theh heart

18
Q

whatre the characteristics of veins

A

-thin walls
-large lumen
-contain valves to prevent blood backflow

19
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

a disease where the coronary arteries either stop working properly or are clogged by fats which narrows the artery

20
Q

what are the 2 treatments for coronary heart disease

A

-bypass surgery
-stents that widen artery

21
Q

how can damaged valves be treated

A

replaced by either biological or mechanical valves

22
Q

what are the 4 components of blood

A

-plasma
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets

23
Q

what are the charactertistcs of plasma

A

-transport medium
-carries waste like urea and co2

24
Q

whatre the characteristics of red blood cells

A

-bioconcave disk to inc surface area
-contain haemoglobin
-no nucleus

25
Q

what do oxygen and heamoglobin form

A

oxyhemoglobin (reversable reaction)

26
Q

what are the characteristics of platelets

A

-fragments of cells
-help blood clotting

27
Q

how are scabs formed

A
  • when fibrenogen turns into fibrin and produces protien fibers that capture red blood cells to the surface of the skin which eventually dry to form a scab
28
Q

how do white blood cells help the bodies immune system

A

-antibodies are formed
-phagocytes which engulf bacteria are formed

29
Q

what system recognises different antigens

A

immune system

30
Q

what are the 4 types of blood groups

A

A,B,AB,0

31
Q

antigens on RBC and antibodies on plasma make up different ___ ____

A

blood groups

32
Q

what happens if blood from different groups are mixed

A

red blood cell will agglutinate (stick together)

33
Q

how can organ transplants be done sucessfully

A

-matching tissue
-immunosuppressant drugs

33
Q

what are antigens

A

foreign substances that are identified by antibodies

34
Q

why is group o a universal donor

A

bc it contains no antigens or antibodies

34
Q

why are organ transplants an issue

A

because the recipients antibodies will attack the donor organs antigens which causes rejection and a possible destruction of the organ

35
Q

what do immunosuppresants do

A

they repress the recipients immune system but also prevent patients from dealing with infectious diseases

biology (13 decks)

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