chapter 4 circulation

Question 1

what are the 3 components of the circulatory system

Answer 1

blood vessles
the heart
blood

Question 2

what is the double circulatory system

Answer 2

-carries blood from heart to lungs then back again
-other carries blood to all organs then back to the heartar

Question 2

arteries carry blood ____ from the heart

Answer 2

away

Question 3

veins bring blood ____ your heart

Answer 3

into

Question 4

whats the function of coronary arteries

Answer 4

to provide oxygen to the heart

Question 5

blood enters the heart through the 2 ____

Answer 5

atriums

Question 6

the vena cava brings in ____ blood into the heart from the lungs

Answer 6

deoxygenated

Question 7

the pulmonary vein carries _____ blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 7

oxygenated

Question 8

the atriums contract to force blood down the ____

Answer 8

ventricles

Question 9

how many chambers does the heart have and what are they called

Answer 9

4 chambers, right and left atrium then right and left ventricles

Question 10

whats the function of valves

Answer 10

to prevent blood backflow

Question 11

which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

right

Question 12

why is the muscel wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right

Answer 12

because it needs to hold more pressure since it needs to push out oxygenated blood to supply your whole body

Question 13

which area in the heart produces natural pacemakers

Answer 13

-right atrium

Question 13

what do artificial pacemakers do

Answer 13

-correct irregularities in heart rate or rythim

Question 14

why are atrificial hearts used

Answer 14

to support patients till a donor is found or until a damaged heart recovers

Question 15

what type of blood do arteries ccarry

Answer 15

oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other organs

Question 16

whatre the characteristics of arteries

Answer 16

-thick muscular and elastic wall to support high blood pressure
-small lumen

Question 17

what type of blood do veins carry

Answer 17

deoxygenated blood into theh heart

Question 18

whatre the characteristics of veins

Answer 18

-thin walls
-large lumen
-contain valves to prevent blood backflow

Question 19

what is coronary heart disease

Answer 19

a disease where the coronary arteries either stop working properly or are clogged by fats which narrows the artery

Question 20

what are the 2 treatments for coronary heart disease

Answer 20

-bypass surgery
-stents that widen artery

Question 21

how can damaged valves be treated

Answer 21

replaced by either biological or mechanical valves

Question 22

what are the 4 components of blood

Answer 22

-plasma
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets

Question 23

what are the charactertistcs of plasma

Answer 23

-transport medium -carries waste like urea and co2

Question 24

whatre the characteristics of red blood cells

Answer 24

-bioconcave disk to inc surface area -contain haemoglobin -no nucleus

Question 25

what do oxygen and heamoglobin form

Answer 25

oxyhemoglobin (reversable reaction)

Question 26

what are the characteristics of platelets

Answer 26

-fragments of cells -help blood clotting

Question 27

how are scabs formed

Answer 27

- when fibrenogen turns into fibrin and produces protien fibers that capture red blood cells to the surface of the skin which eventually dry to form a scab

Question 28

how do white blood cells help the bodies immune system

Answer 28

-antibodies are formed -phagocytes which engulf bacteria are formed

Question 29

what system recognises different antigens

Answer 29

immune system

Question 30

what are the 4 types of blood groups

Answer 30

A,B,AB,0

Question 31

antigens on RBC and antibodies on plasma make up different ___ ____

Answer 31

blood groups

Question 32

what happens if blood from different groups are mixed

Answer 32

red blood cell will agglutinate (stick together)

Question 33

how can organ transplants be done sucessfully

Answer 33

-matching tissue -immunosuppressant drugs

Question 33

what are antigens

Answer 33

foreign substances that are identified by antibodies

Question 34

why is group o a universal donor

Answer 34

bc it contains no antigens or antibodies

Question 34

why are organ transplants an issue

Answer 34

because the recipients antibodies will attack the donor organs antigens which causes rejection and a possible destruction of the organ

Question 35

what do immunosuppresants do

Answer 35

they repress the recipients immune system but also prevent patients from dealing with infectious diseases