chapter 4 circulation Flashcards
what are the 3 components of the circulatory system
blood vessles
the heart
blood
what is the double circulatory system
-carries blood from heart to lungs then back again
-other carries blood to all organs then back to the heartar
arteries carry blood ____ from the heart
away
veins bring blood ____ your heart
into
whats the function of coronary arteries
to provide oxygen to the heart
blood enters the heart through the 2 ____
atriums
the vena cava brings in ____ blood into the heart from the lungs
deoxygenated
the pulmonary vein carries _____ blood from the lungs to the heart
oxygenated
the atriums contract to force blood down the ____
ventricles
how many chambers does the heart have and what are they called
4 chambers, right and left atrium then right and left ventricles
whats the function of valves
to prevent blood backflow
which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood
right
why is the muscel wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right
because it needs to hold more pressure since it needs to push out oxygenated blood to supply your whole body
which area in the heart produces natural pacemakers
-right atrium
what do artificial pacemakers do
-correct irregularities in heart rate or rythim
why are atrificial hearts used
to support patients till a donor is found or until a damaged heart recovers
what type of blood do arteries ccarry
oxygenated blood away from the heart to the other organs
whatre the characteristics of arteries
-thick muscular and elastic wall to support high blood pressure
-small lumen
what type of blood do veins carry
deoxygenated blood into theh heart
whatre the characteristics of veins
-thin walls
-large lumen
-contain valves to prevent blood backflow
what is coronary heart disease
a disease where the coronary arteries either stop working properly or are clogged by fats which narrows the artery
what are the 2 treatments for coronary heart disease
-bypass surgery
-stents that widen artery
how can damaged valves be treated
replaced by either biological or mechanical valves
what are the 4 components of blood
-plasma
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets
what are the charactertistcs of plasma
-transport medium
-carries waste like urea and co2
whatre the characteristics of red blood cells
-bioconcave disk to inc surface area
-contain haemoglobin
-no nucleus
what do oxygen and heamoglobin form
oxyhemoglobin (reversable reaction)
what are the characteristics of platelets
-fragments of cells
-help blood clotting
how are scabs formed
- when fibrenogen turns into fibrin and produces protien fibers that capture red blood cells to the surface of the skin which eventually dry to form a scab
how do white blood cells help the bodies immune system
-antibodies are formed
-phagocytes which engulf bacteria are formed
what system recognises different antigens
immune system
what are the 4 types of blood groups
A,B,AB,0
antigens on RBC and antibodies on plasma make up different ___ ____
blood groups
what happens if blood from different groups are mixed
red blood cell will agglutinate (stick together)
how can organ transplants be done sucessfully
-matching tissue
-immunosuppressant drugs
what are antigens
foreign substances that are identified by antibodies
why is group o a universal donor
bc it contains no antigens or antibodies
why are organ transplants an issue
because the recipients antibodies will attack the donor organs antigens which causes rejection and a possible destruction of the organ
what do immunosuppresants do
they repress the recipients immune system but also prevent patients from dealing with infectious diseases
