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biology > cell structure and organisation ch 1 > Flashcards

cell structure and organisation ch 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what happens in the ribosomes

A

protien synthesis takes place

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2
Q

what happens to energy in the mitochondria

A

its released

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3
Q

what goes into the cell membrain in animal cells

A

glucose and minerals

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4
Q

what goes out of the cell membrain in animal cells

A

hormones and urea

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5
Q

what is stored in the nucleas

A

genes on chromosomes

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6
Q

what are algea

A

aquatic organisms that make their own food

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7
Q

how do plant cells and animal cells differ

A

plant cells have a cellulose cell wall,large permanent vacuole and chloroplast while animal cells dont

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8
Q

what is the function of the cellulose cell wall

A

strengthens cell and supports it

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9
Q

what is the function of permanent vacuole

A

filled with cell sap that keeps the cell rigid

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10
Q

what is the function of the chroloplast and whats inside it

A

its found in all green plants and it contains chrolophyll which is the green pigment

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11
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

single celled organisms that are small and simple with no nucleus and no membrain bound organelles ex:bacteria

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12
Q

how is bacteria adapted

A

flagella helps with movement
plasmids are small circular dna that contain extra genetic info
strands of genetic material to replace nucleus

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13
Q

what are the characteristics of eukaryotes

A

-large and complex
-membrane bound organelles

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14
Q

how are fat cells adapted to help humans and animals survive when theres scarce food supply

A

full of fat storage
few mitochondria since not much energy is needed
can expand when full

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15
Q

how are cone cells in eyes adapted to their function

A

visual pigment changes chemically coloured light
loots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for visual pigment
connects to nerve cell in optic nerve so signals can be sent between neurons

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16
Q

how are root hair cells adapted to their function

A

-long root to increase surface area for more efficient water transfer
-large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis

17
Q

how are sperm cells adapted to their functions

A

-long tail to help with movement
-alot of mitochondira provides energy to tail
-acrosome stores digestice enzyme to help break down eggs

18
Q

define diffusion

A

the movement of particles from a high to low concentration across a concentration gradient

19
Q

what type of reaction is diffusion and why

A

its a passive reaction since no energy is required

20
Q

what are the 4 factors affecting diffusion

A

-distance
-concentration
-temperature
-surface area

21
Q

what goes into and out of cells in diffusion (think ab photosynthesis)

A

in:oxygen and glucose
out:carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

what is meant by isotonic

A

a balanced solution

23
Q

what is meant by hypertonic

A

too much salt or sugar (solute) outside of cell

24
Q

whats meant by hypotonic

A

too little sugar or salt outside of cell

25
Q

define osmosis

A

the movement of water particles from a high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

26
Q

what is a turgid cell

A

a firm (vacuole pushes out and cell wall pushes in) and full cell full of water s

27
Q

can animal cells burst

A

yes they can but plant cells cant

28
Q

whats a flaccid cell

A

where the vacuole takes up less space

29
Q

when can we say a cell has undergone plasmolysis

A

when lots of water leaves the cell and the cytoplasm peels away from the cell wall

30
Q

define active transport

A

movement of particles from a low to high concentration against a concentration gradient

31
Q

across what membrane does active transport occur

A

a semi permeable membrane

32
Q

why is active transport a active reaction

A

cause it requires energy

33
Q

a tissue is a group of __ with ___ functions

A

cells,similar

34
Q

what are organs like stomach and heart made of

A

tissues

35
Q

what are some examples of animal organs

A

stems and roots

36
Q

what are organ systems

A

groups of organs that preform a particular function

biology (13 decks)

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