cell structure and organisation ch 1 Flashcards
what happens in the ribosomes
protien synthesis takes place
what happens to energy in the mitochondria
its released
what goes into the cell membrain in animal cells
glucose and minerals
what goes out of the cell membrain in animal cells
hormones and urea
what is stored in the nucleas
genes on chromosomes
what are algea
aquatic organisms that make their own food
how do plant cells and animal cells differ
plant cells have a cellulose cell wall,large permanent vacuole and chloroplast while animal cells dont
what is the function of the cellulose cell wall
strengthens cell and supports it
what is the function of permanent vacuole
filled with cell sap that keeps the cell rigid
what is the function of the chroloplast and whats inside it
its found in all green plants and it contains chrolophyll which is the green pigment
what are prokaryotes
single celled organisms that are small and simple with no nucleus and no membrain bound organelles ex:bacteria
how is bacteria adapted
flagella helps with movement
plasmids are small circular dna that contain extra genetic info
strands of genetic material to replace nucleus
what are the characteristics of eukaryotes
-large and complex
-membrane bound organelles
how are fat cells adapted to help humans and animals survive when theres scarce food supply
full of fat storage
few mitochondria since not much energy is needed
can expand when full
how are cone cells in eyes adapted to their function
visual pigment changes chemically coloured light
loots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for visual pigment
connects to nerve cell in optic nerve so signals can be sent between neurons
how are root hair cells adapted to their function
-long root to increase surface area for more efficient water transfer
-large permanent vacuole speeds up osmosis
how are sperm cells adapted to their functions
-long tail to help with movement
-alot of mitochondira provides energy to tail
-acrosome stores digestice enzyme to help break down eggs
define diffusion
the movement of particles from a high to low concentration across a concentration gradient
what type of reaction is diffusion and why
its a passive reaction since no energy is required
what are the 4 factors affecting diffusion
-distance
-concentration
-temperature
-surface area
what goes into and out of cells in diffusion (think ab photosynthesis)
in:oxygen and glucose
out:carbon dioxide and water
what is meant by isotonic
a balanced solution
what is meant by hypertonic
too much salt or sugar (solute) outside of cell
whats meant by hypotonic
too little sugar or salt outside of cell
define osmosis
the movement of water particles from a high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
what is a turgid cell
a firm (vacuole pushes out and cell wall pushes in) and full cell full of water s
can animal cells burst
yes they can but plant cells cant
whats a flaccid cell
where the vacuole takes up less space
when can we say a cell has undergone plasmolysis
when lots of water leaves the cell and the cytoplasm peels away from the cell wall
define active transport
movement of particles from a low to high concentration against a concentration gradient
across what membrane does active transport occur
a semi permeable membrane
why is active transport a active reaction
cause it requires energy
a tissue is a group of __ with ___ functions
cells,similar
what are organs like stomach and heart made of
tissues
what are some examples of animal organs
stems and roots
what are organ systems
groups of organs that preform a particular function
