ch 5 digestion Flashcards
whats the difference between simple and complex carbs
simple carbs are made of 1 or 2 units of sugar while complex carbs are chains of sugar
what are lipids and whatre they made of
-fats and oils
-3 mollecules of fatty acid joined to glycerol
what are protiens used for
-build and repair cell tissue
-make up muscles
-hormones
-antibodies
-enzymes
what are protiens
long chains of amino acids folded and twisted to allow molecules to fit into them
what are enzymes
biological catalysts that increase rates of reaction without being used up
what are the functions of enzymes
-break down larger molecules
-form large molecules from smaller molecules
-change and alter molecules
a substrate is ____ to its active site
complementary
what are the 2 factors than effect enzyme action
-pH and temperature
what happens to an enzyme if theres a sudden change in pH
the active site changes place and no longer suits the substrate (denatures)
what is meant by optimum temp of ph for enzymes
the temperatrure or ph level where the enzyme activity is the highest
whats the optimum temperature for enzymes
37 degrees
what happens at to enzymes at high and low temperatures
high- enzyme breaks down then active site changes shape and denatures
low- enzyme activity slows down
which 2 glads produce digestive enzymes
salivary glads and pancreas
whats the order that food goes through in the digestive system
mouth -> salivary glands -> esophagus-> stomach-> small then large intestines-> rectum
where is bile made and where is it stored
-stored in gullbladder and made in liver
what 2 organs produce digestive enymes that are passed onto the small intestine
-pancreas
-gull bladder
how does the stomach help in digestion
it contracts to churn food and uses pepsin and HCL to break down molecules
whats the function of the small intestine
to absorb food molecules and diffuse them into the blood stream
whatre the 2 functions of bile
-neutralise hcl in stomach
-emulsify fats into tiny dropplets to increase surface area
whats the digestive enzyme used to break down carbs into carbohydrase
amalyse- produced in salivary glands
what digestive enzyme is used to break down proteins into amino acids
protease
what digestive enzyme breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
lipase
what ph does protease work best in
acidic,so stomach produces hcl
how are small intestines adapted to their functions
contain villi to help with diffusion and active transport
how are villi adapted to increase diffusion
-rich blood supply
-large SA
-thin wall
-contain microvilli
explain why X enzyme doesnt work at high ph (3)
enzyme / pectinase
denatured
shape of active site
changes
(so active site / enzyme)
can no longer fit / bind to
pectin
