Nervous Flashcards
conduction of signals from sensory receptors
Sensory input
changes in environment that cause you to respond
Stimuli
analysisandinterpretation of the sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses.
Itergration
conduction of signals from the integration centers to effector cells, which perform the body’s responses
Motor output
makes up the nerve tissue
Neuron Cell & Glial Cell
The basic unit of communication of the NS
Neuron
Contains the nucleus
Soma or Cellbody
receives impulses
Dendrite
relays impulses
Axon
Receivesstimulifromsenseorgans Relay impulses from senses to spinal cord and to brain
Sensory neuron
Afferent neuron)
Sensory neuron
Connector neuron)
Interneuron
enable communication between
sensory and motor neuron.
Interneuron
Stimulates the reaction of the effector
cells to generate reaction.
Motor neuron
Efferent Neuron)
Motor
series of electrical signals that is generated in the nerve cells in a response to stimuli.
Nerve impulse
Flow of cell body, axon, dendrite
DendriteCell BodyAxon
Neurons communicate with one another through junction called
Synapse
nerve pathway followed by a reflex or automatic responses to stimuli
Reflex arc
The reflex arc consists of these five steps in order-
sensor, sensory neuron, control center, motor neuron, and muscle
A reflex that does not involve the brain is called a
Speinal reflex
Supports, protects neuron cells and performs regulatory functions.
Glical cells
Star-shaped glial cell; physical support; provide nutrients.
• Astrocytes
forms myelin sheath of the neuron in the CNS, the electrical insulator
Oligonderocytes
forms myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann
Ciliated cells that produce Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of
the brain, a fluid that makes the brain float that serves a cushion.
Ependymal cells
a fluid that makes the brain float that serves a cushion.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Phagocytic cells that ingest and digest cell debris and bacterial
Microglia
neural support of the PNS
Satellite
cns
Astrocytes, ependymal,oligodrocytes, microglia
PNS
Satellite, shwann
Thought pricess
Central NS
Nerves
Peripheral NS
Nerves in pns
Crainial, peripheral
Skeletal
Somatic
Smooth & cardiac muscle
Autonomic
speeds up bodily responses during emergency, Heart rate and respiration
Sympathetic
slows down metabolic activities
Parastmpathetic
Fight or Flight
Autonomic
Three (3) layers of membranes that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord
MENINGES
tough, outer layer
Durameter
middle layer,
composed of thin fibers
Arachnoid
innermost layer
Piq meter
Colorless fluid
• Act as the cushion for the
brain
• Removes waste and helps the brain to function normally
Cerebrospinal Fluid
consist of cell body.
- Nerve cells lack myelin sheath
Gray matter
Composed of axons and glial cells
- Color white because of myelin sheath
Whitematte
largestpart
Sere Cerebrum
Massofnervefibers
Cerebrum
consciousness,memory, voluntary actions, thinking and intelligence
Cerebrum
Right and left hemispheres
Cerebrum
Connection and communication of the left and right hemispheres
Crebrum
personality, judgment and self-control
Frontal
Sense of touch
Parietal
Sight
Occipital
hearing, taste and smell
Temporal
control balance and coordinate skeletal muscles movement
Cerebellum
Relays signal between brain and spinal cord
Center for respiration - controls breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure
Medulla oblongata
relays signal between cerebrum and cerebellum
Pons
Eye movement and pupil dilation
- center for auditory and visual reflexes.
Midbrain
Part of the brain involved in our behavioral and emotional responses
Limbic system
acts like a switch board; routing signals to cerebrum for interpretation.
Thalamus
Homeostatic control center
- control autonomic system (cardiac and smooth muscles)
- Release of hormones, sleep-wake cycle, appetite
Hypothalamus
Plays major role in learning and
memory
- factual memory storage
Hippocampus
generateandprocess emotion and memories
Amygdala
internal blockage or rupture of the
blood vessels in brain
oStroke
period of paralysis of CNS followed by period of unconsciousness due to the bumps and knocks to the head
oConcussion
loss of memory
oAmnesia
lockjaw cause by bacteria
oTetanus
nerve loss resulting to loss of memory
oDementia
forgetfulness, loss of coordination, repetition of word and gesture
Azhimer
neurons malfunction; repeated relay of impulses.
Epilepsy
