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biology > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

breaking down of food

A

DIGESTION

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2
Q
  • grinding & chopping Ex: Mastication
A

Mechanical digestion

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3
Q

– by the use of chemicals

A

Chemical digestion

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4
Q

roof of the mouth

A

Palate

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5
Q

mix and pushes the food

A

Tongue

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6
Q

3 pairs; produces salivary amylase (saliva)

A

Salivary glands

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7
Q

mastication

A

Teeth

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8
Q

cutting

A

Incisors

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9
Q

tearing

A

Canines

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10
Q

grinding

A

Premolars

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11
Q

grinding

A

molars

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12
Q

Prevents food entry to trachea

A

Epiglottis

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13
Q

ball of food

A

Bolus

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14
Q

movement of esophagus

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Temporary Food storage and site of chemical digestion.

A

STOMACH

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16
Q

folds of stomach

A

Rugae

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17
Q

Junction of
esophagus and stomach

A

Esophageal sphincter:

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18
Q

Junction of stomach and small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

produce mucus (protects stomach)

A

Mucous cells

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20
Q

Gastric chief cells produces?

A

produces pepsin (digest proteins)

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21
Q

Gastric amylase

A

Digest starch

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22
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

Digest fats (triglyceride → 1 free fatty
acid)

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23
Q

Gastric juice

A

: combined HCl, mucus and enzymes

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24
Q

partially digested liquid food

A

Chyme

25
Q

SMALL INTESTINE size

A
  • Longest (7m) in length and 2.5cm in diameter
26
Q

SMALL INTESTINE parts

A

Duodenum, Jejunum , Iluem

27
Q

Completion of chemical digestion:

A

pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

28
Q

Largest internal organ

A

Liver

29
Q

 what does liver produce

A

produce Bile;

30
Q

Where is bile stored

A

Gallbladder

31
Q

? digest fats into tiny droplets through ?

A

Liver emulsiication

32
Q

Pancreas - secretes

A

pancreatic juice pancreatic juice

33
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Carbs →Maltose)

34
Q

(digests fats triglyceride → 2 free fatty acid)

A

Pancreatic lipase:

35
Q

SMALL INTESTINE

A

Duodenum and Jejunum Ileum

36
Q

–tiny projections of Small I.

A

Villi

37
Q

tiny projections of Villi

A

Microvilli –

38
Q

contains capillaries where the absorption of nutrients occurs.

A

SMALL INTESTINE
Duodenum and Jejunum

39
Q

Absorbs calcium, zinc, and vitamins

A

Iilum

40
Q

LARGE INTESTINES size

A

About 1.5 m in length and 6.5 cm in diameter

41
Q

Large intestines incldes

A

Includes cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

42
Q

LARGE INTESTINES prodiuces

A

produce vitamin K and some B vitamins using bacteria

43
Q

LARGE INTESTINES does what

A

Absorbs water

44
Q

Indigestible material then
becomes solid and is called

A

Feces

45
Q

end of large intestine
- Temporary storage of waste material

A

RECTUM

46
Q

end of the rectum
- where feces comes out of the body.

A

ANUS

47
Q

ANUS It consists of a muscular ring called ?, that opens during a bowel movement to allow feces to pass through,

A

anal sphincter

48
Q

food poisoning;
clostridium botulinum

A
  1. Foodborne Botulism
49
Q

Food poisoning;
Salmonella

A
  1. Salmonellosis
50
Q

Salmonella Typhi;
severe

A

Typhoid fever

51
Q

indigestion ; Heartburn, nausea, vomiting

A

Dyspepsia

52
Q

disorder resulting to indigestion

A

Organic Dyspepsia

53
Q

– nervous disorder/no obvious cause can be found

A

Dyspepsia Functional

54
Q

open sore in the mucous membrane

A

Peptic Ulcer

55
Q
  • Difficulty in defecation due to dry feces
A

Constipation

56
Q

– rapid movement of feces in the colon; insufficient removal of water

A

Diarrhea

57
Q

–painful infection of the colon

A

Dysentery

58
Q
  1. Effects of Alcohol –
A

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting & Cance

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