Diversity Flashcards
consists of a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that are able to reproduce.
Species
Variety of genes or inheritable characteristics that are present in the population.
Genetic diversity
adaptations to local conditions
Genetic diversity
What does genetic diversity do
increases the chances that some individuals will survive during changing environmental conditions or during an outbreak of a disease
variety and extent of differences among living things, which include all microorganisms, plants, animals, and other living things.
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
number of different species and the relative abundance of species
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
Species diversity Of particular concern are species that are
endangered or threatened.
number of different
species in the community
Species richness – the
proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community
Species evenness or relative abundance –
most abundant species
Species dominance
Variety of ecosystems that is present in a biosphere. different kinds of places where organisms live
And bind these organisms together.
Edosystem diversity
The extinction of populations of one species can
ECOSYSTEM
DIVERSITY, a negative impact on other species in the ecosystem
the ability to resist change in the face of disturbances.
stability
stable ecosystem can
increase the probability of organism’s adaptation and survival in a changing environment.
species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend,
Keystone
Not abundant in nature
KEYSTONE
• Some limits the abundance of
competitively dominant species
KEYSTONEk
Controls community structure by their
pivotal ecological roles
KEYSTONE
Have strong effects on their communities
as a result of their large size, high • abundance, or pivotal role in community dynamics
FOUNDATION
May provide significant habitat or food for other species
FOUNDATION
Species that create or dramatically alter their physical environment.
ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS
Their effects can either be positive or negative depending on the needs of the other species
ECOSYSTEM engineer
lso known as invasive, nonnative, or exotic species
Introduced
Is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native
I INTRODUCED
Moved by humans either intentionally or accidentally from its native location to a new geographic region
Introduced species
An international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis.
TERNATIONAL UNION OF CONSERVATION AND NATURE (IUCN)
The end of a species or group of species.
EXTINCT
no surviving individuals that can reproduce and create a new generation.
Extinct
Species known only to survive in cultivation
Extinct in the woild
large numbers of species become extinct worldwide.
Mass extinction
may occur due to habitat destruction and inability to adapt to a
The “Big Five” Mass Extinctions
• Ordovician • Devonian • Permian
• Triassic
changed environment
Mass extinctions
Big 5 mass extinctions
Ordovician
• Devonian
• Permian
• Triassic
• Cretaceous
Refers to any species of animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms that are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
THREATENED
high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future.
Vulnerable species–
very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.
. Endangered species –
extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future.
Critically endangered species–
These organisms with an estimated reduction of 20% over the last ten years, show sever fragmentation, or known to exist in no more than ten locations.
Vunerable
Vulnerable species population number
Less 1k
These are organisms with an estimated reduction of 50% over the last ten years, show severe fragmentation, or known to exist in no more than five locations.
Endangered
Endangered numbfr
Per
Under 250
These organisms with an estimated reduction of 80% over the last ten years, show sever fragmentation, or known to exist at inly a singe location.
Critically endangered species
Critically endangered species population
Under 50
clearing or destruction of habitat
Habitat destruction
disruption of ecosystem processes
Habitat disruption –
eparation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land.
Habitat fragmentation – s
different environmental conditions that occur along
the boundaries of an ecosystem.
Edge effect –
Edge effect – habitat?
Fragmentation
These species are not a threat to biodiversity in their native habitats.
ntroduced species
•
resources that are replaced by natural processed faster than they are consumed. Supply is not unlimited.
Renewable resources –
resources found in limited amounts or those that are replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time.
Nonrenewable resources –
using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere.
Sustainable use –
relatively small area with numerous endemic species (species found nowhere else in the world) and a large number of endangered and threatened species
Biodiversity hotspots, a
protected “islands” of biodiversity in a sea of habitat altered or degraded by human activity.
o Nature reserves are
n extensive region that includes areas relatively undisturbed by humans surrounded by areas that have been changed by human activities and are used for economic gain.
Zoned reserves are a
The use of living organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to detoxify a polluted area.
Bioremediation
Adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem
Biological augmentation –
