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Anatomy & Physiology > Nerves Lab > Flashcards

Nerves Lab Flashcards

1
Q

outermost gray matter of the cerebrum is…

A

cerebral cortex

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2
Q

elevated ridges of tissue

A

gyrus/gyri

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3
Q

gyri are separated by _____

A

sulci/suclus

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4
Q

gyri can also be separated by deeper grooves called….

A

fissures

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5
Q

Most sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are

A

unipolar

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6
Q

these neurons occur in special sense organs, where they relay information about sight, smell, or hearing from the receptor cells to other neurons

A

bipolar

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7
Q

have two or more dendrites and a single axon and are the most common type of neuron in the CNS.ex. all the motor neurons that control skeletal muscles are

A

multipolar

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8
Q

this sulcus divides the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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9
Q

synapse points of cranial nerve I/mark the position of the floor of the deincephalon

A

olfactory bulbs

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10
Q

fifth lobe of each cerebral hemisphere

A

insula

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11
Q

the pimary somatosensory cortex is located in the ______ ____ of the parietal lobe

A

postcentral gyrus

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12
Q

primary motor area is reponsible for conscious or voluntary movemnt of the skeletal muscles located in the _____ __

A

precentral gyrus

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13
Q

crossover of the optic nerves

A

optic chiasma

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14
Q

the most superior portion of the brain stem and embryologically part of the forebrain

A

diencephalon

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15
Q

what brain regions make up the diencephalon?

A

hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus

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16
Q

large cauliflower like under occiptal lobes of cerebrum

A

cerebellum

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17
Q

brain regions composed in the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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18
Q

means bridge, consists of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting hte brain and lower CNScenters

A

pons

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19
Q

loest brain stem region composed of fiber tracts

A

medulla oblongata

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20
Q

a crossover point for the major motor tracts(pyramidal tracts)descending from the motor areas of the cerbrum to the cord on the medulla’s surface

A

decussation of pyramids

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21
Q

medulla contains many vital autonomic centers involved in control of …..

A
  • heart rate
  • respiratory rhythm
  • blood pressure
  • involuntary centers(vomiting,swallowing)
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22
Q

consists of 2 large lobs of gray matter that laterally enclose the shallow third ventricle of thebrain

A

thalamus

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23
Q

makes up the floor and inferolateral walls of the 3rd ventricle. important autonomic center involved in regulation of body temp, water balance, and fat and carb metabolism

A

hypothalamus

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24
Q
  • forms the roof of the 3rd ventricle and is most dorsal portion of diencephalon
  • important stuctures within are pineal gland and choroid plexus
A

epithalamus

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25
Q

a neuroendocrine structure in epithalamus

A

pineal gland

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26
Q

stucture in epithalamus that is knotlike collections of capillaries within each ventricle, and form cerebrospinal fluid

A

choroid plexus

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27
Q

slender canal traveling through midbrain; connecting 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle in the hindbrain below

A

cerebral aqueduct

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28
Q

treelike branching of the cerebellar white matter is referred to as

A

arbor vitae (tree of life)

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29
Q

brain and spinal cord covered and protected by 3 connective tissue membranes called

A

meninges

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30
Q

outermost meninx; leathery; double layered membrane

(periosteal and meningeal layer)

A

dura mater

31
Q

extension in inner membrane dipping into the longtudinal fissue btwn the cerebral hemispheres to attach to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone of the skull

A

falx cerebri

32
Q

meninx that separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

33
Q

meninx that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum below; inward fold of the inner dural membrane

A

tentorium cerebelli

34
Q

the middle meninx; weblike; underlies the dura mater and is partialled separated from it by subdural space

A

arachnoid mater

35
Q

threadlike projections bridge the subarachnoid space to attach the arachnoid to the innermost meninx which is the….

A

pia mater

36
Q

specialized projections of the aracnoid tissue that protrudes throught he dura mater to allow the cerebrospinal fluid to drain back into the venous circulation via the supeior saggital sinus and other dural sinues

A

arachnoid villi

37
Q

joins right and left sides of thalamus

A

intermediate mass of thalamus

38
Q

cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the 2 lateral ventricles in the 3rd via the

A

interventricular foramina

39
Q

purely sensory never- carreis afferent impulses associated with sense of smell

A

I. olfactory nerve

40
Q

purely sensory– carries afferent impulses associated with vision

A

II. optic nerve

41
Q

primarily motor- somatic motor fibers to inferior oblique and superior, infereior, and medial rectus muscles, directing eyeball

A

III. oculomotor nerves

42
Q

primarily motor– provides somatic motor fibers to superior oblique muscle that moves the eyeball

A

IV. trochlear nerve

43
Q

mixed – major sensory nerve of face; conducts sensory impulses from skin of face and anterior scalp

A

V. Trigeminal

44
Q

carries somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle tha moves the eyeball

A

VI. abducens nerve

45
Q

mixed– supplies somatic motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and parasympathetic motor fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands

A

VII. Facial

46
Q

purely sensory– vestibular branch transmits impulses associated with sense of equilibrium from vestinular apparatus and semicircular canals

A

VIII. vestbulochoclear nerve

47
Q

mixed– somatic motor fibers serve pharyngeal muscles, and parasympathetic motor fibers serve salivary glands

A

IX. glossopharyngeal

48
Q

mixed – fibers carry somatic motor impulses to pharyns and larynx and sensory fibers from same structures

A

X. Vagus

49
Q

mixed but primarily motor provides somatic motor fibers to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and to muscles of soft palate, pharynx, and larynx

A

XI. Accessory

50
Q

mixed by primarily motor in function, carries somatic motor fibers to muscles of tongue

A

XII. Hypoglossal

51
Q
  • Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles
  • connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramen of Monro.
A

lateral ventricles

52
Q

lateral and third ventricle connected by….

A

interventricular foramen

53
Q

canal connecting third and fourth ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

54
Q

(enclosed withint he vertebral canal of the spinal column
) extending from the foramen magnum of skull to first or 2nd lumbar vertebra where it terminates in the cone shaped….

A

conus medullaris

55
Q

2 dorsal projections in gray matter of spinal cord

A

posterior grey horn

56
Q

2 ventral projections of gray matter

A

ventral /anterior grey horn

57
Q

lateral outpocketing of gray matter on each side is reffered to as the

A

lateral horn

58
Q

central area of gray matter connecting the 2 vertical regions is the

A

gray commissure

59
Q

gray commissure surrounds the ____ ____ of the cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

central canal

60
Q

dorsal horns contain interneurons and sensory fibers that enter the cord from the body periphery via the …

A

dorsal root

61
Q

cellbodies of thse sensory neurons are found in an enlarged area of the dorsal root called the

A

dorsal root ganglion

62
Q

send impulses IN to the central nervous system from sense receptors in the skin or internal organs,

A

afferent

63
Q

send impulses OUT from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

A

efferent

64
Q

posterior root ganglion has _______neurons

A

sensory

65
Q

ventral root mainly have ____neurons

A

motor

66
Q

arises from the ventral rami of C1 to C5 to suppl muscles of the shoulder and neck.

A

cervical plexus

67
Q
  • major motor branch of cervical plexus
  • arises from C3 thru C4 and passes into the thoracic cavity in front of the first rib to innervate teh diaphragm
  • c3c4c5 keep the diaphragm alive
A

phrenic nerve

68
Q

large and complex arising from ventral rami of C5 thru C8 and T1

A

brachial plexus

69
Q

nerve in brachial plexus serving the muscles and skin of the shoulder with limitied distribution

A

axillary nerve

70
Q

nerve in brachial plexus traveling down the posteromedial surface of the arm

A

ulnar nerve

71
Q

plexus that arises from ventral rami of L1 thru L4

A

lumbar plexus

72
Q

largest nerve of lumbar plexus that passes beneath inguinal ligament to innevate the anterior thigh muscles L2-L4

A

femoral nerve

73
Q

in lumbar plexus, motor to adductor magus, longus, and brevis muscles nerve L2-L4

A

obturator nerve

74
Q

collection of spinal nerves traversing the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the

A

cauda equina

Anatomy & Physiology (19 decks)

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