Chapter3

Question 1

3 parts of basic cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 2

boundary between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Answer 2

plasma membrane

Question 3

composition of plasma membrane

Answer 3

bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it

Question 4

has polar “head” region which is hydrophilic
has nonpolar “tail” region of 2 fatty acid chains which is hydrophobic

Answer 4

phospholipid

Question 5

1. protiens inserted into the membrane
2. proteins attached to integral proteins

Answer 5

integral/ peripheral

Question 6

• fuzzy, stick, carbohydrate rich area at cell surface
• bio markers > cells recognize each other so body doesn’t attack the cells

Answer 6

function of glycocalyx

Question 7

sugars, amino acids, and ions transported either

1. binding to preotein carriers in membrane ferried across
2. moves through water filled proein channels

Answer 7

simple facilitated diffusion

Question 8

lipids with attached sugar groups found only on outer plasma membrane surface

Answer 8

glycolipid

Question 9

diffusion of a solvent, thru selectively permeable membrane

Answer 9

osmosis

Question 10

____ solutions have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells. Cells reatin tehir normal size/shape as water moves in/out

Answer 10

isotonic solutions

Question 11

_____ solutions have a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell. Cells immered in this solution lose water and shrink by osmosis. (contains higher concentratin of solutes than are present inside teh cells

Answer 11

hypertonic solutions

Question 12

_____ solutions are more dilute( contain lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes) than cells. Cells take on water until they bloat/burst [lyse]

Answer 12

hypotonic solution

Question 13

2 types of passive transport

Answer 13

filtration and diffusion

Question 14

• ____ transport requires carrier proteins that combine specifically and reversilbly with the transported substances .
• solute pumps move solutes uphill against concentration gradient

Answer 14

active transport

Question 15

an example of primary active transport system is the ____ ____ _____

• the Na+K+ leak slowly but continually thru leakage channels in the plasma membrane along their concentration gradient driving Na out and pumps K back in

Answer 15

sodium potassium pump

Question 16

vesicular transport that moves substances into the cell

Answer 16

endocytosis

(3 types of endocytosis that use clathrincoated vesicles: phagocytosis, pinocytosism and receptor mediated endocytosis)

Question 17

(“cell eating”) cell engulfs some large/solid material like bacteria, cell debris, or inanimate particles which forms a phagosome, then fuses with a lysosome and its contents are digested

Answer 17

phagocytosis

Question 18

• (“cell drinking”) aka fluidphase endocytosis, infolding plasma membrane surrounds a very samll volume of extracellular fliud contianing dissolved molecules.
• routine activity of most cells affording them a nonselective way of smapling the extracellular floud

Answer 18

pinocytosis

Question 19

vesicular transport processes that eject substances from the cell interior into the extracellular fluid

Answer 19

exocytosis

Question 20

• chemicals that bind specificlaly to plasma membrane receptors
• include most neurtotransmitters, hormones, and paracrines

Answer 20

ligands

Question 21

cellular material btwn the plasma membrane and the nucleus consisting of : the cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

• threadlike membranous organelles
• powerplants providing most of ATP supply

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

• small, dark staining granules composed of proteins and a variety of rna’s
• site of protein synthesis

Answer 23

ribosomes

Question 24

• consists of stacked and flatted membranous sacs, shaped like hollow dinner plates
• modieies, concentrate, and package proteins and lipids made a tthe rough ER and destined for export from cell

Answer 24

golgi apparatus

Question 25

• spherical membranous sacs contianing a variety of powerful enzymes like oxidases and catalases
• neutralizes free radicals

Answer 25

peroxisomes

Question 26

• spherical membranous organelles containing activated digestive enzymes
• functions as demolition crew

Answer 26

lysosomes

Question 27

• bumpy threads weacing thru cleoplasm
• composed of DNA, globular histone proteins, and rna chains

Answer 27

chromatin

Question 28

transfers info from a dna base sequence to the coplementary base sequence of an mRNA molecule

Answer 28

transcription

Question 29

step of protein synthesis, language of nuclei acids (base sequence) translated into the language of proteins (amino acid squence)

Answer 29

translation