Nephrology Flashcards
What laboratory findings are associated with hypernatremic dehydration?
Hyperglycemia
Mild hypocalcemia
What is the most common associated problem with multicystic-dysplastic kidney?
Ureteropelvic reflux
Wilms tumor
What is the most common cause of hypertension in adolescents?
Primary or essential hypertension
What is Bartter syndrome?
Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hyperaldosteronism Polyuria Hypercalciuria Salt wasting
What is the inheritance pattern of Bartter syndrome?
AR
What is Gitelman syndrome?
Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hypomagnesemia Hypercalciuria Polyuria Salt wasting
When does Gitelman syndrome present?
Late childhood or adulthood
When does Bartter syndrome present?
Early in life (polyhydramnios)
Which acute glomerulonephritis are associated with low serum complement?
- Lupus nephritis
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Shunt nephritis
- Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
- Visceral abscess
- Acute post-infectious GN
- MPGN
Which acute glomerulonephritis are associated with normal complement?
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Granulomatosis with polyangitis
- HSP
- Goodpasture syndrome
- IgA nephropathy
- Idiopathic rapidly progressive (crescenteric) GN
- Type I (anti-GBM disease)
- Type II (immune complex CGN)
- Type III (pauciimmune CGN)
- Non-streptococcal post-infectious GN
Why do we do orchidopexy in the first 18m of life?
Increased fertility potential
What is the most common cause of abdominal mass in a newborn?
Hydronephrosis
What is a risk factor for struvite stones?
usu. Proteus UTI, but occ. Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas
What is the most common cause of painless, solid testicular masses in adolescents?
98% malignant
What is the treatment for hyponatremic seizure?
4-6mL/kg 3% NS until seizure stops
What are the clinical features of HUS?
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Renal insufficiency
What anomaly is most commonly associated with a single umbilical artery?
70% no anomaly
Renal anomaly is mot common in the 30% with associated abnormalities
What occurs in response to a water deprivation test in DI?
Increase in serum osmolarity
What are potential anti-hypertensive agents for hypertensive emergencies?
Esmolol = bradycardia Hydralazine = blood dyscrasias, peripheral neuritis Labetalol = bronchospasm Nicardipine = reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema Nitroprusside = cyanide toxicity
What are four mechanisms for anemia in renal failure?
- inadequate EPO production
- Decreased erythrocyte survival
- Iron deficiency
- Folate and B12 deficiency
