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Random Notes for Royal College Exam > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Why do patients with ASD have a fixed split S2?

A

Prolonged RV ejection

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2
Q

What causes pulsus bigemonus?

A 
Electrolyte imbalance e.g. hypo or hyperkalemia
Hypothyroidism
Beta-blocker therapy
Digoxin
Myocardial infarction
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3
Q

What anti-arrhythmic causes neonatal goitre and hypothyroidism?

A

Amiodarone

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4
Q

What drugs cause QT prolongation?

A

a) Fluroquinolones, macrolides, TMP/SMX
b) Azoles
c) TCA
d) Haloperidol, risperidone, chlorpromazine
e) qunidine, procainamide, amiodarone
f) lasix
g) glyburide

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5
Q

What causes a wide split S2?

A
  1. ASD
  2. PS
  3. Ebstein anomaly
  4. TAPVR
  5. RBBB
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6
Q

What causes a single S2?

A
  1. Pulmonary atresia
  2. Aortic atresia
  3. Severe PS
  4. Severe AS
  5. Truncus arteriosus
  6. TGA
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7
Q

What is the first line therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

12m of lifestyle therapy, then statin

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8
Q

Which murmurs disappear when lying flat?

A
  1. Venous hum

2. Still’s murmur

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9
Q

What is the murmur for ASD?

A

SEM over LSB
Fixed widely split S2
Diastolic rumble

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10
Q

What is a vein of Galen malformation?

A

Large intracranial AV fistula in newborn infants

  1. CHF
  2. Seizures
  3. Hydrocephalus
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11
Q

What are the EKG features of LVH?

A
  1. Depression of ST segments V5, V6, V7
  2. Inversion of T waves in V5, V6, V7
  3. deep Q waves in left precordial leads
  4. increased voltage of S wave in V3 R and V1 or the R wave in V6-V7 or both
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12
Q

What EKG finding is classic for hypothermia?

A

Osborn waves (upward deflections)

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13
Q

How many shocks can be given if the patient’s T <30?

A

3

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14
Q

When can meds be given in a patient with hypothermic cardiac arrest?

A

T>30

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15
Q

What are the SE of PGE?

A
  1. Apnea
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Hypotension
  4. Flushing
  5. Fever
  6. Hyperthermia
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16
Q

What are the SE of indomethacin?

A
  1. Oliguria/altered renal function
  2. Platelet dysfunction
  3. NEC
  4. GI perf
  5. Electrolyte abn: hyperK, hypoNa
17
Q

What are clinical signs of endocarditis?

A
  1. New or changing heart murmur
  2. Splenomegaly in >40%
  3. Dental caries or gingivitis often present
  4. Petechia, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions
  5. Roth spots
18
Q

What are causes of cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow?

A
  1. Tetralogy of Fallot w/ Pulmonary atresia
  2. Pulmonary atresia w/ intact ventricular septum
  3. Tricuspid atresia
  4. Double outlet right ventricle
  5. Transposition of the great arteries w/ VSD and pulmonary stenosis
  6. Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve

Random Notes for Royal College Exam (23 decks)

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