Neoplasia VI

Question 1

uv radiation via pyrimidine dimers –> DNA damage and NER pathway

Answer 1

skin cancer

those with enzyme defects in NER pathway are highly susceptible (xeroderma pigmentosum)

Question 2

ionizing radiation

Answer 2

chromosome breakage, translocation and pt mutation

Question 3

atomic bomb

Answer 3

leukemia (except CLL)

thyroid cancer

Question 4

x ray workers

Answer 4

radiatin dermatitis and skin canceres

Question 5

dials of watches with radium

Answer 5

osteosarcoma

Question 6

hepatitis B virus –> hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 6

chronic liver cell injury arnd regenrative hyperplasia

also HBx prtn with activates growth promoting genes and binds p53

Question 7

hepatitis C virus –> hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 7

chronic liver cell injury and regeneration

Question 8

burkitt lymphoma
hodgkin lymphoma
Bcell lymphoma in immunosuppressed
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 8

EBV

Question 9

high risk HPV

Answer 9

16,18,31 viral dna integrates into host genome

Question 10

E6 HPV gene

Answer 10

inhibits p53

Question 11

E7 HPV gene

Answer 11

inhibits Rb

Question 12

HTLV-1 human t cell leukemia virus type 1

Answer 12

Cd4 tropism

Tax gnes which activates cFos IL2 GM-CSF and inactivates p16INK4a

stimualtes trx of viral mRNA

Question 13

HIV –>

Answer 13

lymphoma

Question 14

HHV8

Answer 14

kaposi sarcoma

Question 15

helicobater pylori

Answer 15

gastric MALT lymphomas and gastric carcinoma

via CagA gnee stimulating growth factor pathway

Question 16

estrogen hormonal carcinogenesis

Answer 16

breat cnacer

quamous cell carcinoma of cervic

leiomyoma of uterus

Question 17

contraceptive hormones

Answer 17

breast cnacer

beinign/malignant liver tumors

Question 18

anabolic steroids

Answer 18

benign/malignant liver tumors

Question 19

loss of body fat wasteing and profound weakness

Answer 19

cancer cachexia ——- associated with TNF

Question 20

what are para-neoplastic syndromes

Answer 20

distant effects of a tumore unrealted to primary tumor or metastasis

Question 21

lung cancer para neoplastic syndrom

Answer 21

ACTH cushing syndrom

diabetes, wt loss, hypertesnion

Question 22

small cell carcinoma of lung para-neoplastic syndrome

Answer 22

hyponatremia.SIADH

asoociated with aDH

Question 23

acnathosis nigricans

Answer 23

black armpit associated withstomach carcinoma (you may also see leser-trelat sign)

Question 24

carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, tachycardia)

Answer 24

because tumor secretes serotonin (observe 5-HIAA in urine)

carcinoid tumor located on appendix or small intestine

Question 25

malignancy acounts for __- cases of yeprcalcemia

Answer 25

40%

Question 26

causes of hypercalcemia in malig nancy

Answer 26

release of PTH related peptide (squamous cell ca of lunga dn renal ca) osteolytic bony metastasis (breast cancer)

Question 27

observe hypocalcemia

Answer 27

calcitonin medullary ca of thyroid

Question 28

observe gynecomastia

Answer 28

B-HCG hormone chroicCA testis

Question 29

eaton-lambert syndrome

Answer 29

myasthenia gravis like syndrome small cell CA of lung

Question 30

what would you use when you do not know the cell of orign of tumor

Answer 30

immunohistology

Question 31

cytokeratin or eptithelia membrane antigen

Answer 31

epithelial origin

Question 32

vimentin or desmin

Answer 32

mesenchmal origin desmin is muscle specifically

Question 33

LCA leukocyte common antigen

Answer 33

leukocyte origin

Question 34

NSE neruonal specific enolase

Answer 34

neuronal tumor or smal cel carcinoma of lung

Question 35

chromogranin and synaptophysin

Answer 35

neuronal tumor

Question 36

thryroglobulin

Answer 36

thyroid cnacer

Question 37

CD10

Answer 37

acute lympho alstic leukemai

Question 38

placental alkaline phosphatase

Answer 38

seminoma

Question 39

vWF, CD31

Answer 39

vascualr neoplasma

Question 40

CEA antigen

Answer 40

tumor marker for CA colon, pancrease, stomach and breat

Question 41

PSA

Answer 41

prostate cancer marker

Question 42

B human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 42

trophoblastic tumore marker

Question 43

CA125

Answer 43

ovarian carcinoma marker

Question 44

alpha fetoprtn

Answer 44

hepatocellular carcinom and germ cell tumor of testes.ovary marker

Question 45

NSE

Answer 45

marker for small cell carcinoma of lugn

Question 46

calcitonin

Answer 46

marker for medullary thryodi carcinoma

Question 47

CA 19-9

Answer 47

marker for colon cancer, pancreatic cancer

Question 48

CA 15-3

Answer 48

marker from breast carcioma