Neoplasia VI Flashcards
uv radiation via pyrimidine dimers –> DNA damage and NER pathway
skin cancer
those with enzyme defects in NER pathway are highly susceptible (xeroderma pigmentosum)
ionizing radiation
chromosome breakage, translocation and pt mutation
atomic bomb
leukemia (except CLL)
thyroid cancer
x ray workers
radiatin dermatitis and skin canceres
dials of watches with radium
osteosarcoma
hepatitis B virus –> hepatocellular carcinoma
chronic liver cell injury arnd regenrative hyperplasia
also HBx prtn with activates growth promoting genes and binds p53
hepatitis C virus –> hepatocellular carcinoma
chronic liver cell injury and regeneration
burkitt lymphoma
hodgkin lymphoma
Bcell lymphoma in immunosuppressed
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
high risk HPV
16,18,31 viral dna integrates into host genome
E6 HPV gene
inhibits p53
E7 HPV gene
inhibits Rb
HTLV-1 human t cell leukemia virus type 1
Cd4 tropism
Tax gnes which activates cFos IL2 GM-CSF and inactivates p16INK4a
stimualtes trx of viral mRNA
HIV –>
lymphoma
HHV8
kaposi sarcoma
helicobater pylori
gastric MALT lymphomas and gastric carcinoma
via CagA gnee stimulating growth factor pathway
estrogen hormonal carcinogenesis
breat cnacer
quamous cell carcinoma of cervic
leiomyoma of uterus
contraceptive hormones
breast cnacer
beinign/malignant liver tumors
anabolic steroids
benign/malignant liver tumors
loss of body fat wasteing and profound weakness
cancer cachexia ——- associated with TNF
what are para-neoplastic syndromes
distant effects of a tumore unrealted to primary tumor or metastasis
lung cancer para neoplastic syndrom
ACTH cushing syndrom
diabetes, wt loss, hypertesnion
small cell carcinoma of lung para-neoplastic syndrome
hyponatremia.SIADH
asoociated with aDH
acnathosis nigricans
black armpit associated withstomach carcinoma (you may also see leser-trelat sign)
carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, tachycardia)
because tumor secretes serotonin (observe 5-HIAA in urine)
carcinoid tumor located on appendix or small intestine
malignancy acounts for __- cases of yeprcalcemia
40%
causes of hypercalcemia in malig nancy
release of PTH related peptide (squamous cell ca of lunga dn renal ca)
osteolytic bony metastasis (breast cancer)
observe hypocalcemia
calcitonin
medullary ca of thyroid
observe gynecomastia
B-HCG hormone
chroicCA testis
eaton-lambert syndrome
myasthenia gravis like syndrome
small cell CA of lung
what would you use when you do not know the cell of orign of tumor
immunohistology
cytokeratin or eptithelia membrane antigen
epithelial origin
vimentin or desmin
mesenchmal origin
desmin is muscle specifically
LCA leukocyte common antigen
leukocyte origin
NSE neruonal specific enolase
neuronal tumor or smal cel carcinoma of lung
chromogranin and synaptophysin
neuronal tumor
thryroglobulin
thyroid cnacer
CD10
acute lympho alstic leukemai
placental alkaline phosphatase
seminoma
vWF, CD31
vascualr neoplasma
CEA antigen
tumor marker for CA colon, pancrease, stomach and breat
PSA
prostate cancer marker
B human chorionic gonadotropin
trophoblastic tumore marker
CA125
ovarian carcinoma marker
alpha fetoprtn
hepatocellular carcinom and germ cell tumor of testes.ovary marker
NSE
marker for small cell carcinoma of lugn
calcitonin
marker for medullary thryodi carcinoma
CA 19-9
marker for colon cancer, pancreatic cancer
CA 15-3
marker from breast carcioma