Hemodynamics Part I: Hyperemia and Congestion

Question 1

define hyperemia

Answer 1

active process in which arteriolar dilation results in increased flow of blood to a tissue

Question 2

examples of hyperemia

Answer 2

skeletal muscle during exercise

inflammation

blushing

Question 3

why is tissue red with hyperemia?

Answer 3

erythematous due to engorgement with oxygenated blood

Question 4

passive hyperemia

Answer 4

congestion

Question 5

define congestion

Answer 5

passive process due to impaired outflow of blood from a tissue

Question 6

what color is congestion?

Answer 6

blue-red coloration due to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin (cyanosis)

Question 7

True or false: you can have both congestion and edema

Answer 7

true

congestion and edema commonly occur together

Question 8

differentiate between alveolar and chronic pulmonary congestion on microscopic level

Answer 8

acute: alveolar capillaries engorged with blood, alveolar septal edema, focal intraalveolar hemorrhage
chronic: thickened and fibrotic septa, heart failure cells

Question 9

“nutmeg liver”

Answer 9

chronic hepatic congestion

central regions of hepatic lobules are grossly red/brow and depressed due to cellular loss surrounded by unaffected areas

Question 10

what does a liver with chronic hepative congestion look like microscopically

Answer 10

centrilobular necrosis and if long standing, hepatic fibrosis