Neoplasia II Flashcards
limitless replicative potentail
neoplasms
limited replicative potential
normal tissue
loss of contact inhibition
neoplasm
neoplastic cells remain in the …
cell cycle
higher percentage of cells in the cell cycle correlates with malignancy
clincally detectable mass
30 doublings- I g
max compatible with life
30 + 10 more doublings- 1 kg
when is a tumor growth fraction highest
during earlier stages
it is growing rapidly at this time
indicators of proliferation
ki-67
PCNA
PCNA
marker for cell proliferation
ki-67
marker for cell proliferation
how do you figure mitotic activity
county number of mitotic figures at 10 high powre
fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin
apoptotic body
condensation of the nucelar chromatin
apoptotoic body
what is the clinical significance of difference in growth rate of tumors?
cells within the cell cycle are susceptible to chemo and radiotherapy
highly susceptible to chemotherapy
cancers with rapid growth
benign tumor differentiation
always differentiated
malignant tumor differentiation
less differntiation
because within cell cycle
complete lack of differentiation
anaplasia
hallmark of high grade malignant tumor
resembles normal thyroid but forms an encapsulated thyroid mass
thyroid adeoma
may resemble normal thyroid tissue but shosw invasion
thyroid carcinoma well-diff.
poor resemblance to normal thyroid, few follicles scant colloid has metastatic potential
poorly idfferentiated carcinoma of thyroid
no resemblance to normal thyroid tissue high metastatic potential
anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid
where is cellular atypia seen?
only in pre-malignant and malignant tumors
key features of cellular atypia
- cells and their nuclei vary in size and shape
- dense and irregular nuclear outline
- nucelar hyperchromicity
- 1:1 nucelus/cytoplasm ratio
abundant dna, extremel dark staining
hyperchromasia
variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei
pleomorphism
tumor giant cells represent
anaplasia
nuceli are hyperchromatic and large
more anormal the mitoses, the more
likely the neoplasm is malignant
hyperplasia of activated fibroblasts
desmomplasia
imporant factors in tumor angiogenesis
VEGF
FGF
pro-angiogenic factors
VEGF
bFGF
HIF
anti-angiogenic factors
thrombospondin-1
angiostatin
endostatin
turnstatin
why do malignant tumors show central necrosis?
tumor outgrows its blood supply and areas of ischemic necrosis appear
