Neoplasia IV

Question 1

CIA is applicable ..

Answer 1

only to epithelial neoplasms

Question 2

oral leukoplakia via dysplasia

Answer 2

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

barret esophagus via dysplasia

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Question 4

chronic atrophic gastritis of pernicious anema via dysplasia

Answer 4

gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 5

chronic ulcerativ colitis via dysplasia

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma of colon

Question 6

hepatitis infection B or C via macronodular cirrhosis

Answer 6

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 7

atypical hyperplasia of endometrium

Answer 7

endometrial adenocarcinoma

Question 8

solar keratosis of skin

Answer 8

skin cancer (squaous cell carcinoma)

Question 9

7 essential alterations for malignant transformation

Answer 9

1. self-sufficiency in growth signals
2. insensitivity to growth -inhibitory signals
3. evasion of apoptosis
4. limitless replicative potential
5. sustained angiogenesis
6. ability to invade and metastasize
7. defects in dna repair

Question 10

ERB2/HER2/NEU growth factor receptor

Answer 10

amplification–> breast cancer and ovarian cancer

Question 11

RET growth factor receptor ***

Answer 11

point mutation –> MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A/B, familia medullary thyroid carcinomas or hyperplasia

Question 12

KRAS signal transduction prtn

Answer 12

point mutation —> pancreas, colon, lung cancers

Question 13

ABL signal transduction prtn

Answer 13

translocation –> chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 14

B-catenin signal transduction prtn

Answer 14

point mutation or overexpression —> hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 15

C-myc nuclear regulatory prtn ***

Answer 15

translocation 8 to 14 causes excess trx signals—> burkitt lymphoma

Question 16

N-myc nuclear regulator prtn

Answer 16

amplification –> neuroblastoma, small cell CA of lung

children

Question 17

Cyclin D cell cycle regulator

Answer 17

translocation —> mantle cell lymphoma

amplification –> breast and esophageal cancer

Question 18

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Answer 18

abl 9 translocated to bcr 22

leads to increased tyrosine kinase

“philadelphia chromosome”

Question 19

what do you treat chronic myelongenous leukemia with?

Answer 19

imaitinib which inhibits tyr kinase

Question 20

B cell follicular lymphoma

Answer 20

over expression of BCL2 via 14-18 translocation prevents apoptosis of B lymphocyte –> follicular lymphoma

“evasion of apoptosis”

Question 21

pathogenesis exclusively by evasion of apoptosis

Answer 21

follicular lymphoma