Neoplasia V Flashcards
APC tumor suppressor gene
prevents nuclear transcription
famlial polyposis coli (adenocarcinoma of colon)
BRCA-1/2 tumor suppressor gene
regulates DNA repair
breast and ovarian cancer
RB gene tumor suppressor gene
inhibits GI to S phase
retinoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma
normal WNT pathway
APC prtn down regulaes B catenin and prevents its acumulation
inactivation of APC–>
increased levels of B catentin and continuous WNT signaling
FAP, non-familial clolorectal CA and sporadic adenomas
knudsons two hit hypothesis
(retinoblastoma)
both alleles of Rb locus must be inactivated
p53 tumor suppressor gene
inhibits G1 to S phase, repairs DAN, activates BAX
associated with lung, colon, breast CA and Li-Fraumeni syndrome
functions of p53 (2)
cell cycle arrest via p21
proapoptosis via BAX
VHL tumor suppressor gene
regulates nuclear trx via HIF-1a
hereditary renal cell carcinoma pheochromocytoms hemangioblastomas f CNS retinal angiomas renal cysts
warburg effect
tumor cells prefer glucse and aerobic glycolysis
this can be detected with a PET scan if tumor is rapidly growing
highly reactive electrophiles that remove electrons from DNA, RNA or rtns and cause cell damage
chemical carcinogens
steps of chemical carcinogenesis
first permanent initiation and reversible promotion that induces tumors
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (smoke)
lung and bladder cancers
aromatic amines and azo dyes
liver cancer
B-naphtyhylamine (aniline dye)
bladder cancer
