Neoplasia III Flashcards
4 steps of invasion of ECM
- detachment
- attachment
- degradation
- migration
detachment of tumor cells from each other
E-cadherin not produced
attachment to matrix component
laminin and laminin receptor
degradation of ECM
collagenases (MMP) degrade type IV collagen
migration of tumor cells
- binding of fibronectin receopto
- motility factor secreted by tumor cell
expression of _____– on tumor cells favors metastasis
CD44
malignant cells exfoliate and implant and invade tissue in a body cavity
seeding of body cavities
most common type of metastasis
lymphatic spread
is lymphatic spread more typical of carcinomas or sarcomas
carcinomas
painful nodule in lymph node
pain is a good thing
cancer is usually painless (non-tender)
follicular carcinomas
local invasion spread
no lymph spread
renal cell carcinoma
spread via renal vein to IVC
no lymph spread
hepatocellular carcinoma
hematogenous spread (no lymph spread)
spread typical of sarcomas
heamtogenous
rhabdomyosarcoma
local invasion
not blood
multiple mass lesions with central areas of umbiilcation
characteristic for metastases to liver and lung
first node in a regional lymphatic system that receives lymph flow from primary tumor
sentinel lymph node
most common site for bony metastasis
vertebral column
most common symptom of bone metatstasis
pain
osteoblastic v. osteolytic metastasis
blastic: radiodense, increase serum alk phosphatase
lytic: lucencies in bone on xray, tumors produce factors activating osteoclasts, hypercalcemia
multiple myelom
osteolytic metastases
prostate cancer
osteoblastic metastases
stomach adenocarcinoma s–>
virchows left supraclavicular node
breast cancer –> l
lung bone
colorectal cancer —>
liver
renal adenocarcinoma –>
lung
lung –>
adrenal , liver
melanoma –>
liver, lung
prostate –>
bone
testicular tumor –>
para aortic nodes
more important parameter:
stage
grade =
1-4 based on mitotic index or uptake of BrdU (thymidine analog uptaked during S phase)
well differntiated
grade 1
nearly anaplastic
grade 4
poorly differentiated
grade 3
moderately diff.
grade 2
staging TNM
t= size of tumor N= nodal involvement M= distant metastases
dukes system
staging for colorectal cancer
ann arbor system
staging for lymphomas
female cancer death
lung
breast
colorectal
male cancer death
lung
prostate
colorectal
male cancer incidence
prostate
lung
colorectal
female cancer incidence
breast
lung
colorectal
gastric cancer is more common in
Japan
radon
occupational lung cancer
vinyl chloride
occupational angiosarcoma of liver
nickle
occupational nose, lung
arsenic
occupational lung, skin, hemangiosarcoma
asbestos
occupational lung, mesothelioma, GI tract
aniline dyes
bladder cancer
pipe fitter, ship builders
mesothelioma from asbestos
most common cancer type with age
carcinoma
