Neoplasia V

Question 1

APC function

Answer 1

precent nuclear tarnsciprtion

Question 2

cancer associated with APC

Answer 2

familial polyposis coli

Question 3

function of BRCA1 and BRCA2

Answer 3

regulate DNA repair

Question 4

function of RB

Answer 4

inhibit g1 to s phase

Question 5

cancer associated with RB

Answer 5

retinoblastoma

osteogenic sarcoma

Question 6

what are components of WNT signaling pathway

Answer 6

APC gene/beta catenin

Question 7

WNT signaling pathway

Answer 7

controls cell fate, adhesion and cell polarity during embryonic development
self-renewal of hematopoetic stem cells

Question 8

what affect does APC have on b catenin

Answer 8

prevents its accumulation

Question 9

what does inactivation of APC lead to

Answer 9

increased levels of betacatenin and it translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus

Question 10

2 hit theory

Answer 10

1st hit in all somatic cells of body

2nd hit in retinal cells

Question 11

function of p53

Answer 11

inhibit G1 to S phase, repairs DNA, activates BAX

Question 12

cancer associated with p53

Answer 12

lung, colon, breast CA, li-fraumeni syndrome

Question 13

what is VHL gene

Answer 13

tumor suppressor gene
colated on chromosome 3p
part of ubiquitin ligase complex

Question 14

disease assocaited with VHL gene

Answer 14

heredritaty renal cell carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
hemangioblastoma of CNS
retinal angiomas
renal cyst

Question 15

warburg effect

Answer 15

even in presence of lots of oxygen cancer cells demonstate a distinct form of metabolism characteriszed by high levels of glucose uptake, incrase glycolytic pathway

Question 16

telomarase

Answer 16

stimulates tumor growth

Question 17

epigenetic changes

Answer 17

reversible, hertiable changes in gene expression that occur without mutation

Question 18

microRNAs

Answer 18

family of 19-24 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that regulate messenger RNA function at posttranscriptional and translation level

Question 19

what puposes can miRNAs be used for

Answer 19

diagnostic
prognostic
therapeutic

Question 20

chemical carcinogens

Answer 20

highly reactive electrophils

Question 21

how do chemical carcinogens act

Answer 21

direct and indirect acting (require metabolic activation)

Question 22

what steps are involved in chemical carcinogenesis

Answer 22

initiation and promotion

Question 23

initiation step

Answer 23

produces cell alteration
premanent DNA damage
rapid, irreversible

Question 24

promotion step

Answer 24

induces tumors in initaed cells
non-tumorigenic by themselves
do not affect DNA, reversible

Question 25

direct acting components

Answer 25

react with electron-rich sites in cell, attack DNA

Question 26

indirect acting componts

Answer 26

requrie metabolic conversion in vivo

Question 27

example of polycyclin aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 27

combustion | smoked foods

Question 28

aromatic amines and azo dyes often affect

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

b-naphthylamine can cause

Answer 29

bladder cancer | seen in workers in aniline dye and rubber

Question 30

what affect does aspergillus flavus have

Answer 30

potent hepatic carcinogen hepatocellular carcionma p53 mutation

Question 31

nitrosamines and amines are associated with

Answer 31

gastric carcinoma

Question 32

arsenic is associated with

Answer 32

skin cancer

Question 33

estrogen is a promoter of ____ cancer

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

what is diethyl-stillbesterol a promoter of

Answer 34

post-mednopausal endometrail CA | vaginal cancer in offspring exposured in utero

Question 35

high dietary files and incrased bile acids is promoter of what

Answer 35

colon CA