Neoplasia II

Question 1

factors that determine incrased growth rate

Answer 1

doubling time
fraction of tumor cells in proliferative pool
cell production vs. cell lose

Question 2

what doubling is a clinically detectable mass

Answer 2

30 doublings - 1gm

Question 3

what is the max doubling you can have

Answer 3

10 or more - 1kg

Question 4

what is the indicator of proliferation

Answer 4

Ki or PCNA

Question 5

atypical mitotic figures is a sign of what

Answer 5

maligant

Question 6

what cancers are highly susceptible to chemo

Answer 6

cancers with rapid growth

Question 7

what cancers are resistant to chemo

Answer 7

cancers with slow growth

Question 8

differentation

Answer 8

cells or tissues resemble their normal progenitors - both morphologically and functionally

Question 9

_____ cells within cell cycle cannot differentate

Answer 9

neoplastic celsl

Question 10

what tumors have low proliferating activity

Answer 10

benign

Question 11

what is anaplasia a hallmark of

Answer 11

high grade maligant tumor

Question 12

anaplastic carcinoma

Answer 12

no resemblance to normal tissue

Question 13

loss of polarity

Answer 13

can’t tell top from bottom

Question 14

when is cellular atypica seen

Answer 14

pre-malignat and malignant tumors

Question 15

signs for cellular atypical

Answer 15

cellular pleomorphism
nuclear changes
1:1 nueclous to cytoplasm ration

Question 16

what are some nuclear chances in cellular atypica

Answer 16

nuclear and mucleolar pleomorphism
dense and irregular nuclear outline
nuclear hyperchormicity

Question 17

pleomorphism

Answer 17

variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei

Question 18

hyperchromasia

Answer 18

abundant DNA

extremely dark staining

Question 19

cytologic feature of anaplasia

Answer 19

bizarre tumor giant cells

Question 20

what do tumor giant cells look like

Answer 20

single huge polymorphic nucleus or more than 1 nuclei

nuclei are hyperchromatic and large

Question 21

do mitoses alone define maligancncy

Answer 21

no

Question 22

desmoplasia

Answer 22

hyperplasia of activated fibroblasts

abundant collagenous stroma

Question 23

examples of desmoplasia

Answer 23

breast tumor

Question 24

what does desmoplasia look like histologically

Answer 24

blue from the collagen

Question 25

what are important factors in tumor angiogenesis

Answer 25

VEGF

FGF

Question 26

vascular stroma

Answer 26

increased vascularity of a malignant tumor

Question 27

proangiogenic factos

Answer 27

VEGF
bFGF
HIF

Question 28

antiangiogenic factors

Answer 28

thrombospodin - 1
angiostatin
endostatin
tumstatin

Question 29

when does ischemic necrosis appear

Answer 29

when tumor outgrows its blodo supply