Neoplasia II Flashcards
factors that determine incrased growth rate
doubling time
fraction of tumor cells in proliferative pool
cell production vs. cell lose
what doubling is a clinically detectable mass
30 doublings - 1gm
what is the max doubling you can have
10 or more - 1kg
what is the indicator of proliferation
Ki or PCNA
atypical mitotic figures is a sign of what
maligant
what cancers are highly susceptible to chemo
cancers with rapid growth
what cancers are resistant to chemo
cancers with slow growth
differentation
cells or tissues resemble their normal progenitors - both morphologically and functionally
_____ cells within cell cycle cannot differentate
neoplastic celsl
what tumors have low proliferating activity
benign
what is anaplasia a hallmark of
high grade maligant tumor
anaplastic carcinoma
no resemblance to normal tissue
loss of polarity
can’t tell top from bottom
when is cellular atypica seen
pre-malignat and malignant tumors
signs for cellular atypical
cellular pleomorphism
nuclear changes
1:1 nueclous to cytoplasm ration
what are some nuclear chances in cellular atypica
nuclear and mucleolar pleomorphism
dense and irregular nuclear outline
nuclear hyperchormicity
pleomorphism
variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei
hyperchromasia
abundant DNA
extremely dark staining
cytologic feature of anaplasia
bizarre tumor giant cells
what do tumor giant cells look like
single huge polymorphic nucleus or more than 1 nuclei
nuclei are hyperchromatic and large
do mitoses alone define maligancncy
no
desmoplasia
hyperplasia of activated fibroblasts
abundant collagenous stroma
examples of desmoplasia
breast tumor
what does desmoplasia look like histologically
blue from the collagen
