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Pathology Exam II > Hemodynamic Disorders IV > Flashcards

Hemodynamic Disorders IV Flashcards

1
Q

what is virchow’s triad

A

hypercoagulatble state
endothelial injury
circulatory stasis

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2
Q

endothelial injury

A

dominant influence on thrombosis

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3
Q

what are risk factors for endothelial dysfunction

A

diabetes mellitus
hypercholesterolemia
hypertension
smoking

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4
Q

what is hypercoagulable state often caused by

A

factor V mutation

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5
Q

what does factor V leiden casue

A

resistance to degradation by activated protein C

increased probability of thrombosis

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6
Q

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

serum antibodies directed against anionic phospholipids

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7
Q

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in vitro

A

inhibit clotting tests due to interference with assembly of phospholipid complexes

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8
Q

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in vivo

A

hypercoagulable state

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9
Q

clinical signs of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

recurrent venous or arterial thrombi
repeated miscarriages
cardiac valve vegetaations
thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

causes of turbulent

A

ulcerated atheroscloertic plaque
MI
atrical fib

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11
Q

where do arterial thrombi occur

A

sites of endothelial injury

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12
Q

what does venous thrombi usually occur as a consequence of

A

statis

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13
Q

risk factors for arterial thrombossi

A

MI
rhematic heart disease
Afib
atheroscelorsis

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14
Q

arterial thrombosis

A

may cause local obstruction or distant embolization

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15
Q

what arteries tend to have arterial thrombi

A

coronary > cerebral > femoral

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16
Q

what are arterial thrombi composed of

A

platelets
fibrin
erythrocyte
leukocyte

17
Q

risk factors for venous thrombosis

A 
CHF
trauma
surgery
pregnacy
cancer
18
Q

trouseeaue syndrome/migratory thrombophlebitis

A

serine protease released by maligant tumor cells activates factor 10
tumor cells release plasma membrane vesicles exhibiting procoagulant activity

19
Q

What are common sources for arterial emboli

A 
a fib
mitral stenosis
endocarditis
mural thrombi
paradoxical emboli
20
Q

systemic thromboembolism

A

emboli that migrate within the arterial ciruclation

21
Q

most common systemic thromboembolism

A

intracardiac mural thrombi

22
Q

What is the most common destination of arterial embolization

A

lower extremities

23
Q

mural thrombi

A

arterial thrombosis in cardiac chamber due to myocardial infarction, ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque or aneurysmal dilation

24
Q

paradoxical embolism

A

rare condition where an embolus originating from venous circulation passes through an inter-atrial or inter-ventricular defect to gain access to systemic circulation

25
Q

What do pulmonary thromboembolism usually arise from

A

DVT

26
Q

most common pulomary emboli

A

small

27
Q

large pulmonary emboli

A

saddle emboli

sudden death or acute right heart failure

28
Q

small to medium sized pulmonary emboli

A

more likely to cause infarcation

seen mainly in pts with heart or lung disease

29
Q

small pulmonary emboli

A

mostly silent
infarctions only if compromised pulmonary circulation
hemorrhages mainly

30
Q

recurrent pulmonary emboli

A

worsening dyspnea

chronic

31
Q

How do you get fat embolism

A

fractures of long bones
soft tissue trauma
burns

32
Q

symptoms of fat embolism syndrome

A

tachypnea, dyspnea
tachycardia
diffuse petechial rash

33
Q

What is air embolism due to

A

obstetric procedures

chest wall injury

34
Q

decompression sickness

A

sudden changes in atm pressure

35
Q

the bends

A

painful formation of gas bubbles in skeletal muscles and supporting tissues in and around joints

36
Q

the chocks

A

gas emboli in lungs cause edema, hemorrhage, atelectasis and emphysema causing respiration

37
Q

amniotic fluid embolism

A

amniotic fluid within circulation

38
Q

symptoms of amniontic fluid embolism

A

dyspnea, cyanosis, shock, coma, DIC

39
Q

what does an amniotic fluid embolism consist of

A

epithlial cells
lanugo hair
fat from venix caseosa
mucin

Pathology Exam II (11 decks)

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