Neoplasia I Flashcards
____ is a benign tumor of the epithelium that exhibits a branched, exophytic growth pattern.
Papilloma
____ is a growth that projects above a mucosal surface, usually restricted to benign neoplasms.
Polyp
What is a proliferation that demonstrates glandular differentiation?
adenoma
A tumor that arises from germ cells and contains derivatives of all the germ layers.
Teratoma
A localized overproliferation of disorganized but mature cells indigenous to that particular area.
Hamartoma
Well organized tissues in an abnormal location.
Choristoma
A malignant tumor of epithelial origin.
Carcinoma
A malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin.
Sarcoma
A lack or differentiated features which usually correlates with aggressive behavior.
Anaplastic malignancies
Degradation of ECM
Liberation of tumor cells from primary lesion and movement through interstitial tissues
Invasion of blood and lymphatic vessels
Transportation to the new site
Deposition at the new site and escape from the vasculature
Establishment in new environment
Promotion of growth into secondary tumor at the new site
Metastasis
____ is a measurement of the extent of the tumor at the time of the patient’s evaluation.
Staging
____ is based upon cellular differentiation or other markers of aggressiveness
Grading
What are two mechanisms of dysregulation?
activation of growth-promoting oncogenes
deactivation of growth-inhibiting tumor suppressor genes
____ is most frequently amplified oncogene in breast cancer and is also amplified in other forms of cancer.
HER-2
Alteration of the _____ genes or its encoded protein are the most frequently observed somatic genetic events in human cancer.
p53 tumor suppressor
