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Pathology > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the latin word meaning “to set afire”?

A

Enflammare

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2
Q

What is the protective response of vascularized tissues to stimulus or injury?

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

What would be the two major consequences of not having inflammation?

A
  • Infections would go unchecked

- Wounds would never heal

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4
Q

What type of inflammation is abrupt in onset and short of duration?

A

Acute

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5
Q

What type of inflammation is a exudative reaction?

A

Acute

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6
Q

What consists of fluid, serum proteins, and leukocytes being delivered to affected area from the vasculature?

A

Exudative reaction

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7
Q

What are the 4 outcomes of acute inflammation?

A
  • Complete resolution
  • Abscess formation
  • Resolution with sequelae (scar)
  • Chronic inflammation
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8
Q

What type of inflammation occurs when injury to the tissue continues weeks or months?

A

Chronic

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9
Q

What type of inflammation is a proliferative reaction?

A

Chronic

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10
Q

What occurs when the persistent source of injury is removed?

A

Chronic inflammation is resolved

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11
Q

True or False? Acute inflammation is the immediate inflammatory response triggered by nocive agent and is quite similar regardless of stimulus.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False? Acute inflammation reaction can only be local.

A

False. Inflammatory reaction may be local or systemic and occurs via common pathways.

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13
Q

What are the hallmarks of acute inflammation?

A
  • Increased blood flow
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • recruitment and stimulation of neutrophils/PMNs, platelets, monocytes/macrophages
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14
Q

What is the vascular response to injury?

A
  • “delivery system” (defensive materials to site of injury)
  • increased vascular permeability
  • system slows down progressively to concentrate cellular supplies
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15
Q

What are the 4 classic signs of acute inflammation?

A
  • Rubor: redness
  • Tumor: swelling
  • Calor: heat
  • Dolor: pain
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16
Q

What is the 5th sign of acute inflammation?

A

Loss of function

17
Q

What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from increased blow flow (vasodilation)?

A

Rubor and Calor

18
Q

What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from changes in vascular permeability (exudation)?

A

Tumor and Dolor

19
Q

What is the production of endogenous pyrogens stimulated by microorganisms or injured cells?

A

Fever

20
Q

What is the increase in white blood cell number, especially neutrophils (neutorphilia)?

A

Leukocytosis

21
Q

What occurs in vascular stasis?

A
  • Fluid is lost from vessels without blood cells
  • increased viscosity of blood (slower blood flow)
  • leukocyte margination
  • leukocyte extravasation (diapedesis)
22
Q

What are the characteristics of serous exudate?

A
  • mild inflammation

- mainly plasma with low protein and few cells

23
Q

What are the characteristics of purulent exudate?

A
  • suppuration: white to yellow pus
  • rich in neutrophils
  • plasma
  • pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria
  • can be drained
24
Q

What are the benefits of edema?

A
  • dilutes toxins in the tissue
  • inactivates toxins by proteolytic action
  • nutrients for inflammatory cells
  • presence of antibodies and complement protein
  • often contains fibrinogen, which converts to fibrin and serves as a scaffold for movement of inflammatory cells
25
Q

What is the redirected movement of white blood cells to the area of injury?

A

chemotaxis

26
Q

What is the process of cells engulfing and ingesting foreign substances from the injured site?

A

phagocytosis

27
Q

What cell makes up 60-70% of white blood cell population during inflammation?

A

neutrophils

28
Q

________ can migrate out of the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages.

A

monocytes

29
Q

What cell is the pivotal in regulation of chronic inflammation?

A

monocytes

30
Q

Monocytes make up what percent of WBCs?

A

3-8%

Pathology (17 decks)

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