Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the latin word meaning “to set afire”?

A

Enflammare

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2
Q

What is the protective response of vascularized tissues to stimulus or injury?

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

What would be the two major consequences of not having inflammation?

A
  • Infections would go unchecked

- Wounds would never heal

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4
Q

What type of inflammation is abrupt in onset and short of duration?

A

Acute

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5
Q

What type of inflammation is a exudative reaction?

A

Acute

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6
Q

What consists of fluid, serum proteins, and leukocytes being delivered to affected area from the vasculature?

A

Exudative reaction

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7
Q

What are the 4 outcomes of acute inflammation?

A
  • Complete resolution
  • Abscess formation
  • Resolution with sequelae (scar)
  • Chronic inflammation
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8
Q

What type of inflammation occurs when injury to the tissue continues weeks or months?

A

Chronic

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9
Q

What type of inflammation is a proliferative reaction?

A

Chronic

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10
Q

What occurs when the persistent source of injury is removed?

A

Chronic inflammation is resolved

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11
Q

True or False? Acute inflammation is the immediate inflammatory response triggered by nocive agent and is quite similar regardless of stimulus.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False? Acute inflammation reaction can only be local.

A

False. Inflammatory reaction may be local or systemic and occurs via common pathways.

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13
Q

What are the hallmarks of acute inflammation?

A
  • Increased blood flow
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • recruitment and stimulation of neutrophils/PMNs, platelets, monocytes/macrophages
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14
Q

What is the vascular response to injury?

A
  • “delivery system” (defensive materials to site of injury)
  • increased vascular permeability
  • system slows down progressively to concentrate cellular supplies
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15
Q

What are the 4 classic signs of acute inflammation?

A
  • Rubor: redness
  • Tumor: swelling
  • Calor: heat
  • Dolor: pain
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16
Q

What is the 5th sign of acute inflammation?

A

Loss of function

17
Q

What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from increased blow flow (vasodilation)?

A

Rubor and Calor

18
Q

What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from changes in vascular permeability (exudation)?

A

Tumor and Dolor

19
Q

What is the production of endogenous pyrogens stimulated by microorganisms or injured cells?

20
Q

What is the increase in white blood cell number, especially neutrophils (neutorphilia)?

A

Leukocytosis

21
Q

What occurs in vascular stasis?

A
  • Fluid is lost from vessels without blood cells
  • increased viscosity of blood (slower blood flow)
  • leukocyte margination
  • leukocyte extravasation (diapedesis)
22
Q

What are the characteristics of serous exudate?

A
  • mild inflammation

- mainly plasma with low protein and few cells

23
Q

What are the characteristics of purulent exudate?

A
  • suppuration: white to yellow pus
  • rich in neutrophils
  • plasma
  • pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria
  • can be drained
24
Q

What are the benefits of edema?

A
  • dilutes toxins in the tissue
  • inactivates toxins by proteolytic action
  • nutrients for inflammatory cells
  • presence of antibodies and complement protein
  • often contains fibrinogen, which converts to fibrin and serves as a scaffold for movement of inflammatory cells
25
What is the redirected movement of white blood cells to the area of injury?
chemotaxis
26
What is the process of cells engulfing and ingesting foreign substances from the injured site?
phagocytosis
27
What cell makes up 60-70% of white blood cell population during inflammation?
neutrophils
28
________ can migrate out of the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages.
monocytes
29
What cell is the pivotal in regulation of chronic inflammation?
monocytes
30
Monocytes make up what percent of WBCs?
3-8%