Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What is the latin word meaning “to set afire”?
Enflammare
What is the protective response of vascularized tissues to stimulus or injury?
Inflammation
What would be the two major consequences of not having inflammation?
- Infections would go unchecked
- Wounds would never heal
What type of inflammation is abrupt in onset and short of duration?
Acute
What type of inflammation is a exudative reaction?
Acute
What consists of fluid, serum proteins, and leukocytes being delivered to affected area from the vasculature?
Exudative reaction
What are the 4 outcomes of acute inflammation?
- Complete resolution
- Abscess formation
- Resolution with sequelae (scar)
- Chronic inflammation
What type of inflammation occurs when injury to the tissue continues weeks or months?
Chronic
What type of inflammation is a proliferative reaction?
Chronic
What occurs when the persistent source of injury is removed?
Chronic inflammation is resolved
True or False? Acute inflammation is the immediate inflammatory response triggered by nocive agent and is quite similar regardless of stimulus.
True
True or False? Acute inflammation reaction can only be local.
False. Inflammatory reaction may be local or systemic and occurs via common pathways.
What are the hallmarks of acute inflammation?
- Increased blood flow
- Increased vascular permeability
- recruitment and stimulation of neutrophils/PMNs, platelets, monocytes/macrophages
What is the vascular response to injury?
- “delivery system” (defensive materials to site of injury)
- increased vascular permeability
- system slows down progressively to concentrate cellular supplies
What are the 4 classic signs of acute inflammation?
- Rubor: redness
- Tumor: swelling
- Calor: heat
- Dolor: pain
What is the 5th sign of acute inflammation?
Loss of function
What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from increased blow flow (vasodilation)?
Rubor and Calor
What are the two classic signs of inflammation that come from changes in vascular permeability (exudation)?
Tumor and Dolor
What is the production of endogenous pyrogens stimulated by microorganisms or injured cells?
Fever
What is the increase in white blood cell number, especially neutrophils (neutorphilia)?
Leukocytosis
What occurs in vascular stasis?
- Fluid is lost from vessels without blood cells
- increased viscosity of blood (slower blood flow)
- leukocyte margination
- leukocyte extravasation (diapedesis)
What are the characteristics of serous exudate?
- mild inflammation
- mainly plasma with low protein and few cells
What are the characteristics of purulent exudate?
- suppuration: white to yellow pus
- rich in neutrophils
- plasma
- pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria
- can be drained
What are the benefits of edema?
- dilutes toxins in the tissue
- inactivates toxins by proteolytic action
- nutrients for inflammatory cells
- presence of antibodies and complement protein
- often contains fibrinogen, which converts to fibrin and serves as a scaffold for movement of inflammatory cells
What is the redirected movement of white blood cells to the area of injury?
chemotaxis
What is the process of cells engulfing and ingesting foreign substances from the injured site?
phagocytosis
What cell makes up 60-70% of white blood cell population during inflammation?
neutrophils
________ can migrate out of the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages.
monocytes
What cell is the pivotal in regulation of chronic inflammation?
monocytes
Monocytes make up what percent of WBCs?
3-8%
