Neoplasia 2

Question 1

What are the four principal genes of cancer causing mutation

Answer 1

Proto oncogene
Tumor suppression gene
Regulate apoptosis
Cell repair

Question 2

A condition wherein a single allele mutation in the TSG is enough to permit tumor proliferation

Answer 2

Haploinsufficiency

Question 3

First driver mutation that starts the cell on its path to malignancy

Answer 3

Initiating mutation

Question 4

What are the hallmarks of cancer

Answer 4

Self suffiency
Insensitivity to growth signals
Altered cellular metab
Evasion of apoptosis
Limitless replicative potential
Sustained angiogenesis
Invade and metastasize
Evade immune response

Question 5

This is seen in both pdgf and the pdgf receptor tyrosine kinase

Answer 5

Glioblastoma

Question 6

Most important growth receptors in cancer

Answer 6

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 7

What are the 3 ras genes

Answer 7

Hras

Kras

Nras

Question 8

What inhibits the bcr abl kinase

Answer 8

Imatinib mesylate

Question 9

What is seen in burkitts lymphoma

Answer 9

Myc translocation

Question 10

What is the main function of myc

Answer 10

Upregulates telomerase

Question 11

Amplified cdk 4 gene are seen in what

Answer 11

Melanoma

Sarcoma

Gliobastoma

Question 12

What growth signals are seen in overexpression of growth factor

Answer 12

Pdgf

Tgf a

Question 13

Altered GFR

Answer 13

RET

Question 14

Mimicry of signal transducing proteins

Answer 14

Ras

Question 15

Oncoproteins as TF

Answer 15

Myc

Dysregulation of proteins

Question 16

This is seen in hyophosphorylated state

Answer 16

Retinoblastoma gene

Question 17

What kind of tumor is associated with rb gene

Answer 17

Retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

Question 18

What is seen when the dna isx damaged and has hypoxia

Answer 18

Ataxia telangiectasia

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3

Question 19

This is seen in familial gastric carcinoma

Answer 19

E cadherins

Question 20

P16 is silenced by hypermethylation and cause what kind of cancer

Answer 20

Cervical cancer

Question 21

This is seen in cowden syndrome

Answer 21

PTEN

Question 22

Seen in neurofibromatosis type 1

Answer 22

NF1

Question 23

Tumor shifts to aerobic glycolysis

Answer 23

Warbug effect

Question 24

What are the possible explanations of warbug effect

Answer 24

Increased need for energy of the dividing cells

Abnormal vasculature

Reduction of autophagy

Question 25

What can cause sustained angiogenesis

Answer 25

Loss of inhibitors
Increase growth factors
Decrease p53