Neoplasia 2 Flashcards
What are the four principal genes of cancer causing mutation
Proto oncogene
Tumor suppression gene
Regulate apoptosis
Cell repair
A condition wherein a single allele mutation in the TSG is enough to permit tumor proliferation
Haploinsufficiency
First driver mutation that starts the cell on its path to malignancy
Initiating mutation
What are the hallmarks of cancer
Self suffiency Insensitivity to growth signals Altered cellular metab Evasion of apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Sustained angiogenesis Invade and metastasize Evade immune response
This is seen in both pdgf and the pdgf receptor tyrosine kinase
Glioblastoma
Most important growth receptors in cancer
Receptor tyrosine kinase
What are the 3 ras genes
Hras
Kras
Nras
What inhibits the bcr abl kinase
Imatinib mesylate
What is seen in burkitts lymphoma
Myc translocation
What is the main function of myc
Upregulates telomerase
Amplified cdk 4 gene are seen in what
Melanoma
Sarcoma
Gliobastoma
What growth signals are seen in overexpression of growth factor
Pdgf
Tgf a
Altered GFR
RET
Mimicry of signal transducing proteins
Ras
Oncoproteins as TF
Myc
Dysregulation of proteins
This is seen in hyophosphorylated state
Retinoblastoma gene
What kind of tumor is associated with rb gene
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
What is seen when the dna isx damaged and has hypoxia
Ataxia telangiectasia
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3
This is seen in familial gastric carcinoma
E cadherins
P16 is silenced by hypermethylation and cause what kind of cancer
Cervical cancer
This is seen in cowden syndrome
PTEN
Seen in neurofibromatosis type 1
NF1
Tumor shifts to aerobic glycolysis
Warbug effect
What are the possible explanations of warbug effect
Increased need for energy of the dividing cells
Abnormal vasculature
Reduction of autophagy
What can cause sustained angiogenesis
Loss of inhibitors
Increase growth factors
Decrease p53
