Neoplasia 1 Nomenclature/Benign/Malignant/Epidemiology

Question 1

Whats a neoplasia?

Tumor?

Oncology?

neoplasm can be defined as adisorder of? triggered by? affecting how many origin cells?

Two basic components of tumors?

Answer 1

Question 2

benign tumors def?

naming? fibrous? cartilage?

epithelium? renal tubular?

benign epithelial neplasms produce what?

what is a polyp?

if the polyp is glandular?

Answer 2

Question 3

Malignant tumors? def and what they do?

malignant naming

solid mesenchymal tissue?

blood-forming?

epithelial/germ layers?

squamous cell carcinoma is what then?

adenocarcinoma?

Answer 3

Question 4

mixed tumors are what? all arise from what?

most neoplasms even mixed composed of cells from what? the exception? these originate from?

Inappropriately named cancers? 4

wrongly named benign? 2

Answer 4

Question 5

Question 6

what is differentiation?

what is a lack of differentiation?

spectrum of differentiation?

hallmark of malignancy? (as related to malignancy)

Answer 6

Question 7

Anaplasia associated with what other morphologic changes? 5

p-what is it?

anm- what is it normally? here?

M- doesnt necessarily indicate a tumor is what? more important in malig is presence of?

lp- what is it?

other changes- require what? a result of lack is?

Answer 7

Question 8

if a cell has differentiation how does this affect function compared to normal?

if anaplastic? so can produce what?

cells in benign vs cancer and the above?

Answer 8

Question 9

Metaplasia is what? usually found in association with?

dysplasia is what? characterized by what changes? 2

dysplastic cells exhibit?

Dysplastic squamous epithelium- what do you see?

what is carcinoma in situ?

at what point invasive?

does dysplasia always go to cancer?

if metaplastic is it dysplastic?

Answer 9

Question 10

the growth of cancers is accompanied by what of surrounding tissue? 3

benign tumor growth? ofter form what? this creates a?

an exception?

Malignant tumors and surrounding tissues? can they have fibrous capsule?

Answer 10

Question 11

next to development of metastases what is most reliable feature that differentiates between cancer and benign tumor?

this makes what hard?

In situ epithelial cancers similar to malignant cancer?

Answer 11

Question 12

Metastasis is what?

likelihood primary tumor metastasizes correlates with? 4

are there exceptions?

is there a cancer thats always malignant?

Answer 12

Question 13

pathways of spread. also called? the 3 pathways?

seed- what is it? most often where? characteristic of what type of cancer?

Answer 13

Question 14

Pathways of spread

lymphatic spread- what is it? most common path for what type of cancer? also?

is it bad to do a full axillary lymph dissection?

do what instead? (name) what are these?

regional nodes importance in cancer?

why enlarged?

enlarged LN mean dissemination?

Answer 14

Question 15

Pathways of spread

Hematogeneous spread- typical of what type of cancer? also? more likely to get penetrated?

tumor cells often come to rest where? most frequently involved?

if near vertebral column?

cancer that has propensity for invading veins? ex? 2

histo evidence of penetration of small vessels near primary neoplasm is what?

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Question 18

2008 how many new cancer cases worldwide?

leading to how many deaths?

2030 projected cases/death?

most common tumors in men? 3

women? 3

Answer 18

Question 19

Question 20

2 factors contribute to developing cancer?

dominant risk factor?

this can be seen by what?

Answer 20

Question 21

environmental factors: 7

Answer 21

1. Infectious agents
2. smoking
3. alcohol consumption
4. diet
5. obesity
6. reproductive history
7. environmental carcinogens

Question 22

infectious agents- example?

smoking- importance?

alcohol consumption- locations of tumors? synergistic with?

Answer 22

Question 23

environmental factors

Diet-

obesity-

repro history- strong evidence of cancer with this?

Environmental carcinogens- ex?

Answer 23

Question 24

breast cancer and prostate cancer incidence globally?

Question 25

occupational cancers

agaents?

know some examples/where they come from

Answer 25

Question 26

age and cancer

is there a correlation? ex?

likely explained by? 2

cancers in adults vs children?

type of cancer most common in adults?

most common children? aka?

Answer 26

Question 27

acquired predisposing conditions

can be divided into? 3

chron and precu are both associated with?

tumors from chronic inflammation usually?

precursor lesions defined as? usually located where? increased risk of what type of cancer?

Answer 27

Question 28

chronic inflammation and cancer

ways it can increase risk of cacner?

short term? later?

Answer 28

Question 29

precursor lesions and cancer

important to recognize because? arise in the setting of? examples?

other precursor lesion? ex?

final group of lesions? classic ex?

Answer 29

Question 30

immunodeficiency states and cancer

particularly? main types of cancers?

Answer 30

Question 31

genetic predispositions and interacitons between enviro and inherited factors

cancer inherited trait due to?

describe the complex interaction?

Answer 31