Neoplasia 1: Features of Malignancies and Anaplasia

Question 1

Features of Malignancies (9)

Answer 1

1 - Pleomorphism: variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei

2 - Abnormal nuclear morphology: abundant DNA, extremely dark staining (hyperchromatic)

3 - Nucleaus:Cytoplasm ratio is abnormal

4 - Mitoses: large numbers of mitoses, reflects higher proliferative activity of parenchymal cells

5 - Atypical bizarre mitotic figures –> tripolar, quadripolar, or multipolar

6 - Loss of Polarity - orientation of anaplastic cells is disturbed; sheets or large masses of tumor cells grow in disorganized manner

7 - Tumor giant cells: nuclei are large and hyperchromatic

8 - Central necrosis: growing tumor cells need blood supply, often vascular stroma is scanty. Large central areas undergo ischemic necrosis.

Question 2

Anaplasia

Answer 2

Cellular pleomorphosm 
Hyperchromatic nuclei 
High N:C ratio
Giant Cells
Bizarre nuclei