Neoplasia 07.11.23

Question 1

Define neoplasm

Answer 1

A lesion resulting from the autonomous (or relatively autonomous) abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed —> meaning a new tumour has a formed

Question 2

Define carcinogenesis

Answer 2

Involves acquisition of a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations

Question 3

What are 4 reasons of how we might acquire these genetic changes?

Answer 3

Chance

Hereditary

Environment

Micro-organisms

Question 4

Define proto-oncogenes

Answer 4

Genes which promote cell growth and survival, thereby promoting carcinogenesis

Question 5

Define tumour suppressor genes

Answer 5

These are genes which inhibit cell growth and proliferation, playing a role in inhibiting carcinogenesis (e.g. BRCA)

Question 6

State the sequence of events for lung cancer carcinogenesis

Answer 6

Normal lung —> atypical adenomatous hyperplasia —> carcinoma in-situ —> invasive carcinoma