Pharmacokinetics In Practice & Introduction To Pharmacogenomics 14.11.23

Question 1

Define 1st order kinetics

Answer 1

Rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma drug concentration (processes involved in elimination do not become saturated)

A constant % of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time (graph is curving towards the 0,0 on x and y graph)

Question 2

Define zero order kinetics

Answer 2

Rate of elimination is NOT proportional to the plasma drug concentration (metabolism processes become saturated)

A constant amount of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time (graph is like a straight line graph from high y value to high x value)

Question 3

What is Cmax in drug plasma concs (look at slides 6-9)

Answer 3

Maximum plasma concentration

Question 4

What is Tmax in drug plasma concs

Answer 4

Time taken to reach Cmax

Question 5

What is CL in drug plasma concs

Answer 5

Removal of drug by all eliminating organs

Question 6

Define half life

Answer 6

Time taken for plasma drug conc to fall 50%

Question 7

Hat 2 factors is half life dependant on?

Answer 7

Clearance and volume of distribution

Question 8

What 2 factors is half life independant of?

Answer 8

Drug dose or drug formation

Question 9

A drug will be 97% cleared from the body after how many half lives (considered ‘cleared’ in clinical practice)

Answer 9

5 half lives

Question 10

Define steady state

Answer 10

Rate of drug input is equal to rate of drug elimination

Question 11

Define Css

Answer 11

Drug plasma conc at steady state

Question 12

How many half lives does it take to reach steady state?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

What is the area on the graph (slide 18) is where the steady state should lie?

Answer 13

Therapeutic window

Question 14

Give an example of a drug requiring a loading dose?

Answer 14

Heparin

Question 15

Slide 19

Question 16

‘

Question 17

Define genomics

Answer 17

The study of the genomes of individuals and organisms that examines both the coding and non-coding regions. The study of genomics in humans focuses on areas of the genome associated with health and disease.’

Question 18

Define pharmacogenomics

Answer 18

The use of genetic and genomic information to tailor pharmaceutical treatment to an individual.’