Neonatology

Question 1

Bicarbonate in a 50 Kg calf, recumbent, 21 days old.

Answer 1

5 Lt bicarb 1.3%

Question 2

Goal for Na replacement in a foal if the value is 88

Answer 2

96-100

Question 3

Type of fluids for a calf with hyponatremia, hyperchloremia and dehydration.

Answer 3

Isotonic NaHCO3?

Question 4

Possible effect of anti-ulcer medication in foal?

Answer 4

Diarrhea

Question 5

Calves born with bragnathia, shortened long bones, dome forehead, lax tendons

Answer 5

Acorn calf syndrome
Lupine, alkaloids –> crooked calf syndrome?
Toxin in silage? Mn or Zn deficiency?

Question 6

Blepharospasm and hypopion in a septic foal

Answer 6

?

Question 7

Minimum amount of IgG for adequate transfer in a calf in the first 4 hrs

Answer 7

150-200 g (at least 100g)

Question 8

IgG IV vs oral in calf

Answer 8

Metabolized within 12 hours

Question 9

Concentration of Na in oral fluids of a calf

Answer 9

90 mEq

Question 10

Floppy kid syndrome

Answer 10

Metabolic acidosis (mostly D-lactate)

Question 11

Rotavirus in foals, what type?

Answer 11

Type A

Question 12

Vaccine for E. coli in calves

Answer 12

Anti F5 (k99) colostral antibodies to dam
Heat stable toxin?

Question 13

Vaccine for E. coli in calves

Answer 13

Heat stable toxin

Question 14

Main immunoglobulin in colostrum

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

What is the most rapid treatment for a calf with acidosis?

Answer 15

8.4% bicarb solution

Question 16

What is the cause of acidosis in calves with diarrhea?

Answer 16

Hyponatremia

High D-lactic acid

Question 17

Best direct method to analyze failure of passive transfer

Answer 17

Single radial immunodiffusion (RID): quantitative and specific for IgG (expensive and slow 18-24h) –> Gold standard

Question 18

amount of IgG in colostrum for adequate passive transfer in calves

Answer 18

> 50 g/L

Question 19

About colostrum and IgG concentration

Answer 19

As soon as is collected has higher IgG

The sooner the least changes that IgG go back to circulation again

Question 20

About colostrum

Answer 20

collect first colostrum, and not discard colostrum from first calving heifers
3rd lactation significantly higher IgG / No diff btw 1st, 2nd and 4th –> should not discharge colostrum of 1st lactation heifers

Question 21

What is the vaccination protocol for prevention of rotavirus?

Answer 21

Vaccinate mare at 8, 9, and 10 months of gestation (3 doses).
Does not prevent but decrease severity

Question 22

Which is the best diagnostic for equine coronavirus?

Answer 22

Enzyme immunoassays → detect Ag in feces (rapid and accurate)

Question 23

Which infectious agents are more likely to cause secondary lactose intolerance in foals?

Answer 23

Rotavirus

C. difficile

Question 24

What are the effects of C. perfringens type A in calves?

Answer 24

Acute hemorrhagic abomasitis in neonates

Enterotoxemia in 2-4 month calves

Question 25

Protocol to vaccinate cows to prevent rotavirus

Answer 25

40 days before calving

Question 26

Gold standard diagnostic for Cryptosporidium parvum in calves

Answer 26

Fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody

Latex agglutination for Ab*

Question 27

There is an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in humans, where C. hominis has been isolated, which is the source of contamination?

Answer 27

Humans

Question 28

Life cycle of Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 28

Fecal-oral transmission of encysted, sporulated oocysts → distal small* and large intestine → villous atrophy

Question 29

Amount of IgG for good quality colostrum

Answer 29

2500-5000mg/dl IgG(50 g/L)

Question 30

In a foal to achieve > 800 mg/dL of IgG, how much IgG needs to be in the colostrum?

Answer 30

1.5g IgG/kg BW

~1-3L colostrum with SG>1.060