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Surgery and other stuff > Neonate lab packet > Flashcards

Neonate lab packet Flashcards

1
Q

How soon should the first physical exam be performed?

A

Within 24 hours of birth

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2
Q

When is the silverman score used?

A

On admission to the nursery

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3
Q

For movement of the upper chest compared to abdomen, what gets a 0? 1? 2?

A 
0 = synchronous movement
1 = lag or minimal sinking of upper chest as abdomen rises
2 = Marked see-sawing of upper chest with rising abdo
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4
Q

For expiratory grunt, what gets a 0? 1? 2?

A 
0 = none
1 = Audible with stethoscope only
3 = Audible without stethoscope
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5
Q

What are the first components of the silverman score?

A
  • Movement of upper chest compared to abdomen
  • Intercostal retractions
  • Xiphoid retractions
  • Flaring of nasi
  • Expiratory grunt
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6
Q

How much bigger should the head circumference be compared to the chest for a normal infant?

A

1-2 cm more

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7
Q

What is the definition of preterm infant?

A

Less than 37 weeks gestation

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8
Q

What is the definition of late preterm infant?

A

34 - 36 6/7 weeks

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9
Q

What is the definition of a term infant?

A

37 - 41 6/7 days

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10
Q

What is the definition of a post-term infant?

A

42+

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11
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Cheek turn

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12
Q

What is Moro’s reaction?

A

baby fall, then should extend hands, followed by flexing

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13
Q

What is the scarf sign?

A

The infant’s arm is pulled laterally across the chest; in the hypotonic infant, the elbow will cross the midline; in a term infant with normal tone, the elbow will not reach the midline.

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14
Q

What is the heel to ear sign?

A

Holding the baby’s foot in one hand, draw the leg towards the ear to see how much resistance there is to the maneuver.

The foot should go to about the level of the chest or shoulder, but not all the way to the ear. If it does = hypotonia

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15
Q

What is the Landau reflex? When is this present?

A

Superman

It emerges 3 months after birth and lasts until up to 12 months to 24 months of age.[2]

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16
Q

What are the 5 physical criteria that can be used to asses for term?

A
  • sole creases
  • Diameter of breast nodule
  • Scalp hair
  • External ears
  • Testes and scrotum/labia minora
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17
Q

What is a plethoric coloration? What does it suggest?

A

Redness–polycythemia

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18
Q

What is sclerema?

A

Hardening of the skin and SQ tissue associated with life threatening disorders like septicemia, shock

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19
Q

What is caput succedaneum? Does it cross suture lines?

A

Diffuse edema of the scalp due to mechanical forces during the birth process.

Crosses suture lines

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20
Q

What is a cephalohematoma? Does it cross suture lines?

A

Subperiosteal bleeding, confined to a particular area of the skull.

Does not cross suture lines

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21
Q

Should you ever aspirate a cephalohematoma? Why or why not?

A

No–risk of infection

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22
Q

What is the significance of subconjunctival hemorrhages after delivery?

A

Common, and benign

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23
Q

What are the s/sx of heart failure in the neonate?

A
  • tachypnea/tachycardia
  • Cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly
  • Pallor with normal hemoglobin
  • Excessive weight gain
24
Q

The umbilicus has how many vessels?

A

2 arteries and 1 vein

25
Q

True or false: vaginal discharge in the neonate is normal

A

True–d//t estrogen from mother

26
Q

How soon should stool and urine pass in the neonate?

A

Within 24 hours.

27
Q

What are the major neuro screens in the newborn?

A
  • Moro
  • Grasp
  • Traction
  • Landau
28
Q

True or false: prediction of later brain dysfunction can be made with consistent accuracy on the basis of neurological abnormalities

A

False– long term f/u needed

29
Q

What triggers the Moro reflex? What indicates a normal response?

A
  • Startling the infant or dropping infant

- abduction of the arms and elbows away from the body, and extension of the wrists and fingers

30
Q

True or false: premature infants do not usually show good traction reflex

A

False–most should

31
Q

What indicates severe hypotonia with the Landau reflex? In whom can this be normal in?

A

Complete collapse of the baby over the examiner’s hand, into the shape of an inverted U

-may be normal in premature, but NEVER in term babies

32
Q

How does jaundice progress in the newborn?

A

Head to toe AFTER 24 hours

33
Q

What is the most common tumor in infancy?

A

Hemangiomas

34
Q

What are strawberry hemangiomas?

A

Concentration of immature blood vessels that develop within the first 2 months

35
Q

What is the prognosis for cavernous hemangiomas?

A

Grows rapidly in the first 6 months, then begins to shrink at 12-18 months

36
Q

What causes metatarsus adductus?

A

intrauterine positioning

37
Q

Gestational age before what week is a risk factor for jaundice?

A

Less than 37 weeks

38
Q

What are the factors associated with a decreased risk of jaundice? (3)

A
  • Gestational age after 41 weeks
  • Exclusive bottle feeding
  • Black
39
Q

What ethnicity has a higher rate of jaundice? Lower?

A 
Higher = Asian
Lower = blacks
40
Q

AAP recommends that any infant discharged at less than 72 hours been seen for f/u when?

A

Within 3 days of d/c

41
Q

Does Jaundice blanch?

A

Yes

42
Q

What level of bilirubin is normal in neonatal jaundice?

A

17 mg/dL = 95th percentile

43
Q

Reducing substance in urine = ?

A

Galactosemia

44
Q

What level indicates an abnormally high indirect bili in the neonate?

A

More than 2 mg/dL

45
Q

Any infant jaundiced when indicates the need for work up?

A

Before 24 hours or after 3 weeks

46
Q

What is the schedule for feeding an infant?

A

“demand feeding”

47
Q

How much do infants sleep?

A

20 hours /day

48
Q

What is the best position for sleeping in the neonate?

A

Supine

49
Q

Does ‘pushing’ or ‘grunting’ with stooling common in neonates?

A

Yes–does not signify constipation

50
Q

When does the cord detach?

A

within 2 weeks

51
Q

Is alcohol appropriate measure to use to keep the umbilical cord clean?

A

No

52
Q

How often should bathing be performed in the neonate?

A

PRN

53
Q

What is the special care needed for uncircumcised infants?

A

None

54
Q

What is cradle cap, and what is the treatment for it?

A

neonatal seborrhoeic dermatitis– a yellowish, patchy, greasy, scaly and crusty skin rash that occurs on the scalp of recently born babies. It is usually not itchy and does not bother the baby.[1] Cradle cap most commonly begins sometime in the first 3 months

Gentle scrubbing followed by an application of baby oil

55
Q

A rectal temp of greater than what indicates the need for immediate medical attention? Is it appropriate to use antipyretics?

A

100.5 F

Do NOT use antipyretics

56
Q

When is the first well baby exam done?

A

2 weeks

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