Heart Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

Which is usually softer: S1 or S2?

A

S1 is softer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which is usually softer: right or left sided heart sounds?

A

Right sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are S3 and S4 best heard? Which side of the stethoscope should be used?

A

At the apex, with the bell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are systolic murmurs graded?

A

1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are diastolic murmurs graded?

A

1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the naming convention for murmurs?

A

Grade cycle intensity radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three causes of pulmonic stenosis?

A
  • Congenital heart structural disease
  • Rheumatic valvular disease
  • Carcinoid syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two major causes of tricuspid regurgitation?

A

Infection

Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four major causes of pulmonic regurgitation?

A
  • Rheumatic valvular disease
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Pulmonary HTN
  • CT diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three major causes of tricuspid stenosis?

A
  • Rheumatic valvular disease
  • Congenital heart structural disease
  • Age/calcification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three major causes of aortic stenosis?

A
  • Age/calcification
  • Congenital disease
  • Infective endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is it that pts with Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are better with higher volumes?

A

Increased filling of the ventricle makes the septal hypertrophy a more minor contributor to outflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the murmur from HCM heard best? Why?

A

Apex d/t backflow from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four major causes of aortic regurgitation?

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Root dilation
  • Congenital (bicuspid valve)
  • CT disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does mitral stenosis radiate to?

A

Precordial area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does increased volume return make the murmur with mitral stenosis worse or better?

17
Q

What are the two major causes of mitral stenosis?

A

Infective endocarditis

Calcific changes

18
Q

What happens to the OS with mitral valve prolapse when there is decreased systolic volumes?

A

Moves OS earlier

19
Q

What happens to the OS with mitral valve prolapse when there is increased systolic volumes?

A

Moves the OS later

20
Q

What is the effect of aortic regurgitation on the murmurs from a VSD and mitral regurg?

A

Increases d/t increased LV filling/volume

21
Q

What is the effect of aortic regurgitation on HCM murmur? Why?

A

Decreases, since it increases LV filling

22
Q

What is the effect of standing with HCM?

A

Increases murmur d/t decreased LV filling

23
Q

What is the effect of sitting/lying down with HCM?

A

Decreases murmur d/t increased LV filling

24
Q

What is the effect of the valsalva maneuver on HCM?

A

Bearing down reduces return and LV volume, increasing stenosis

25
What is the effect of hand grip on mitral regurgitation?
Increases SVR and LV pressure, thereby increasing the pressure gradient between the LV and LA
26
What position of the patient is best for hearing S3 and S4?
Left lateral recumbent
27
What is the treatment for mitral regurg? Why?
- ACEIs - Diuretics Reduce the ssx of HF
28
What is the treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy?
- Diuretics - ACEIs - Beta blockers
29
What is the treatment for aortic stenosis?
Positive inotropes
30
What is the treatment for mitral regurg?
Decrease BP | Increase inotropy
31
What is the treatment for mitral stenosis?
Increase