Neonatal diseases and problems Flashcards
4 most common causes of pre-weaning mortality:
- Crushing/Overlay/Trauma –> biggest cause
- Low viability/chilling/starvation
- Savaging by sow
- Disease
What is the most common cause of pre-weaning mortality?
Crushing/overlay/trauma by the sow
The most deaths to crushing occurs in the first ____ hours.
72
Crushing increases as parity of sow ______. It is also common in _____ litters.
increases; larger
The best prevention for crushing mortality in nenonates is:
Good farrowing crate design - comfortable creep (safe) area for piglet in crate where they won’t be at risk of being pressed by the sow
Piglets that are born small (less than 2lbs) are often weaker than larger littermates, more susceptible to ____ stress, have a more difficult time competing for colustrum and milk, and are more likely to become ______.
cold stress; hypoglycemic
Low viability/chilling/starvation can be preented by cross fostering and nursing care. In cross fostering, you sort by size to the extent that every pig has the opportunity to ____. We are NOT sorting to make a “uniform” litter.
Suckle
The neonatal piglet is dependent on a steady intake of milk from the sow. Interruptions of intake can quickly lead to ______.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglcyemica may result in ____ disturbances and hypothermia.
CNS
Savaging by sow is more common in _____. It is important to supervise farrowings and tranquilize the sow.
Gilts
All farms have an inherent level of pre-weaning mortality. If the level is consistent it is not usually disease. This is known as ______ PWM.
Endemic
A sudden spike or deviation from the background level of PWM is often due to disease, and known as ______ PWM.
Epidemic
“Theory of Relativity”
Immunity is relative to the challenge dose of the pathogen.
As long as the level of immunity is greater than the pathogen challenge, pigs remain healthy.
If either the immunity is too low or the pathogen challenge too high, disease is the result.
Factors which make the “Theory of Relativity” work for us:
Enhance immunity via _____, ______.
Decrease pathogen challenge via __________.
- Enahnce immunity via good colostral intake and sow vaccination
- Decrease pathoen challene
- Cleaning, disinfection
- All-in, all-out
- Biosecurity
“Complex” nursery diet often contains: dried whey, dried skim milk, dried plasma, and it is usually in the form of _____.
Pellets
Feed ____ (small/large) amounts ____ (frequently/infrequently) in weaned (nursery) pigs.
Small, frequently
Grow/finish receives the _____ (least/most) input form managmenet on many farms.
least
Grow/finish is where ______ (most/least) of the money is spent (feed).
most
Grow/finish is where ______ (least/most) of the monty is potenitally made.
most
At what stage does all-in, all-out usually break down? Why?
Growth/finish pig becuase rowth rates are variable, and severe market discounts for light hogs.
G/F is where the greatest economic benfefit can be realized from all-in, all-out. True or False.
True
Temperature control in grow/finish pigs - maintain a thermonetural to slightly _____ (cool/warm) environment, _____ (above/below) LCT.
cool; above
Neonatal septicemia/polyarthritis: MC organisms
Streptococcus, E. coli
Neonatal septicemia/polyarthritis - organisms enter through ____, processing _____, and carpal _____.
navel, wounds, abrasions
Neonatal septicemia/polyarthritis is assoicated with inadequate ___ intake and failure of _____ transfer.
colostral; passive
Etiology of “splay-leg”
Genetic and environmental (slippery floors)
Splay-leg has a possible link with ____ and _____.
Zeralenon and choline
Treatment of Splay-leg
Tape legs together
Viral etiology of myoclonia congenita
Congenital Tremors Virus
Clinical signs of Myoclonia congenita:
“shaker” or “dancing” pigs
Is intervention necessary when the farmer notices one of his pigs with Myoclonia congenita?
No, it usually has a low incidence.
Anemia is an iron deficiency. Iron supplementation of nursing pigliets should be routine. Oral iron and injectable iron dextran can be used. However, Fe toxicity is potentiated by ______ deficiency.
Se/E deficiency
