Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Food Animal > Gastrointestinal Diseases in Neonates > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Diseases in Neonates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards
1
Q

Etiology of Colibacillosis

A

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collibacillosis is a common cause of diarrhea in pigs less than a _____ of age.

A

week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In colibacillosis, pathogenic strains adhere to the intestines by means of _____

A

Fimbria (pili)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fimbrial antigens associated with Colibacillosis:

A

F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F18, and F41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

With Colibacillosis - the presence of receptors on the pigs enterocytes for the _____ fimbria are genetically controlled.

A

K88

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In Colibacillosis, pathogenic strains produce ______ which cause secretion of fluid.

A

Enterotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enterotoxins are classified as heat _____ (LT) or heat _____ (STa, STb).

A

labile, stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enterotoxins cause hypersecretion of: ____, ____ and ______ into the gut lumen.

A

water, bicarbonate, and sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enterotoxin will result in diarrhea, dehydration, _____ (acidosis or alkalosis), and _____ (hypokalemia or hyperkalemia)

A

acidosis, hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

On post-mortem examination in a pig infected with Colibacillosis, should you see chyle going through mesentery?

A

Yes - because E. coli does not cuase malabsorptive diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment and control of Colibacillosis includes antibiotics, but what can we do the sow prefarrowing to protect neonates?

A

Stimulate immunity of the sow by vaccinating pre-farrowing, so that she will have anti-K88 anitbody in the colustrum - passing it to the neonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Etiology of Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)

A

Coronavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

While TGE causes diarrhea like collibacillosus, what other clinical sign is common with TGE infection, but not E. coli?

A

Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of diarrhea does TGE produce?

A

Malabsorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TGE virus destroys the lining of the small intestine, leading to ____ _____.

A

Villus atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Severity of TGE varies with the herd immunity. Please explain.

A

In a naive herd, where sows were never exposed to the virus, they cannot pass on antibodies to the virus in their colustrum to neonates. The mortality rate is very high in neonates from a naive herd. If the sows have been exposed however, neonates will benefit from passive immunity and mortality will decrease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can you do to control TGE in a naive herd?

A

Sacrifice a sick neonate, make a slurry of it’s intestines rich with virus, and feed to the sow’s during gestation, preferentially 2 or weeks prior to farrowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) had not been reported in the US prior to May, _____.

A

2013

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PED causes high morbidity and high mortality in young pigs. It resembles ____ in clinical presentation, but negative to ____ diagnostic tests. And therefore, determined to be PEDV.

A

Resembles TGE, negative to TGEV diagnostic tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Etiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED)

A

Coronavirus (similar but distinct from TGEV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The clinical signs of PED include diarrhea and vomiting, and in acute outbreaks, what age of swine get severe diarrhea? What age will result in high mortality?

A

Severe diarrhea in all ages of swine; high mortality in preweaned piglets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common rought of transmission in PED?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Infected pigs shed PED virus for how longs?

A

3-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PED is highly contagious (small infective dose). Therefore, it is easily transmitted via fomites. True or False.

A

True

25
Q

While it is unkown how PED virus entered the US, where do we think that it came from?

A

China

26
Q

There is no effective treatment for PED. Expect close to 100% mortality in ______ pigs, for ______ weeks after the outbreak.

A

pre-weaning, 2-4 weeks

27
Q

Prevention and control of PED - if herd is negaive - practice strict _______.

A

Biosecurity (additions from negative herds, limit fomite exposures)

28
Q

Prevention and control in a PED positive herd:

A

Load, close, expose

  • Bring in needed replacement breeding stock
  • Close herd to new additions
  • Feedback infectious materials to sow herd

McREBEL

  • Do not cross-foster to equalize the body weights of piglets (small piglets together on one sow, large piglets together on one sow = sorting by size, done to make the litterl even) but DO cross-foster to make sure that all piglets have a teat to suckle on.
  • Euthanize sick pigs
29
Q

The Rotavirus is similar to TGE except ___ common and ___ severe.

A

More common, and less severe

30
Q

Rotavirus is a ubiquitous virus in most species. True or False.

A

True

31
Q

Rotavirus is often a component of post-______ diarrheas.

A

Weaning

32
Q

Etiology of Coccidiosis

A

Protozoa - Isospora suis

33
Q

In coccidiosis, diarrhea occurs after ___ days incubation/infection.

A

7 days

34
Q

What kind of diarrhea does Coccidiosis cause?

A

Malabsorptive diarrhea –> damanges lining of the small intestine

35
Q

Can you rule out Cocciodiosis in a pig with diarrhea that is less than 7 days old?

A

Most likely yes - becuase Coccidiosis takes 7-10 days to cause enough damage to the small instestine to cause diarrhea.

36
Q

Is there an approved coccidiostat/other treatments available?

A

No approved treatments available in pigs.

37
Q

The best control of coccidiosis as this point is:

A

Cleaning and sanitation

38
Q

Can you give extra-label drugs in feed?

A

NO!! Strictly prohibited!

39
Q

Why should we not give ionophores (monensin, etc) to pigs?

A
  • They are not approved - so cannot use in feed
  • Also cardiotoxic
40
Q

Etiology of Clostridial Enteritis

A

Clostridium perfringens type C and type A

Clostridium difficile

41
Q

Clostridial enteritis produces what kind of diarrhea?

A

Hemorrhagic - causes hemorrhage and necrosis in the intestine

42
Q

Pencillin can be given to control Clostridial enteritis, but must be given before _____ to be effective.

A

clinical signs

43
Q

Once clinical signs appear with Clostridial enteritis, are there any treatments available?

A

Not really - piglets may die quickly or waste away. Once you get necrosis of the intestine - you can’t really fix this.

44
Q

Best time to vaccinate the sows against clostridial enteritis?

A

Several weeks before farrowing

45
Q

Feeding _______ to sows, results in prophylactic effect against clostridial enteritis in baby.

A

bacitracin (BMD)

46
Q

Age affected Pigs:

  • Cocciodiosis:
  • Rotavirus:
  • E. Coli:
  • TGE:
A
  • Cocciodiosis - not less than 7 days
  • Rotavirus - more common near weaning
  • E. coli - most common in pigs < 5 days
  • TGE - younger pigs - epidemic form (older pigs - endemic form)
47
Q

Clinical signs of vomiting is most commonly associated with these two diseases:

A

TGE and PED

48
Q

Blood in feces strongly suggestive of ______

A

Clostridial Enteritis

49
Q

If fecal pH is greater than or equal to 8, this is most likely due to a ____ diarrhea from ______ infection.

A

secretory, colibacillosis

50
Q

What are signs of adequate absorption in face of diarrhea

A

Chyle in mesenteric lymphatics

51
Q

Think these two agents when necrosis of intestines occurs:

A

Chronic Coccidiosis or Clostridium

52
Q

Definitive diagnosis of E. coli

A

Culture and typing

53
Q

Definitive diagnosis for rotavirus and TGE

A

PCR, FA, EM for both; serology for TGE

54
Q

Definitive diagnosis for coccidiosis:

A

Impression smears

55
Q

Strongyloides ransomi is a disease of the neonate pig, and is more common in _____ US.

A

Southeastern

56
Q

Strongyloides ransomi is associated with _____________________, in preweaned pigs

A

Stunting, unthriftiness and diarrhea

57
Q

Strongyloides ransomi - infective larva are passed through the _____.

A

Colustrum

58
Q

Postweaning scours is usually more than one etiology. Therefore it is more productive to aproach the problem from both diseases (antimicrobials and vaccins) and weaning management point of view. True or False.

A

True

Food Animal (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions