General GI Diseases Flashcards by Agata Grzelak

Etiology of Enteric Salmonellosis

Salmonella typhimurium or choleraesuis

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Salmonella choleraesuis is _____ to swine and tends to cause ______ disease. Salmonella typhimurium is _______ to swine, and tends to cause ______.

host-adapted to swine; septicemic disease
Non-host adapted; enterocolitis

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How is enteric salmonellosis transmitted?

Fecal-oral transmission

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All carriers of eteric salmonellosis are symptomatic. True or False.

False - disease can cause chronic/asymptomatic carriers

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Clinical signs of enteric Salmonellosis

Vary in severity
Yellowish diarrhea, with or without blood and mucus
Fever, inappetence, wasting

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Enteric Salmonellosis affects which two parts of the intestines?

Ileum and Large Intestine

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Enteric Salmonellosis has a ____-dependent response to exposure.

Dose

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Classic pathological lesions of enteric salmonellosis

Necrosis, thickening, fibrin, plus/minus hemorrhage
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
“Button ulcers” and paratyphoid nodules in the liver
Rectal strictures and megacolon

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Ileitis, Proliferative enteritis (ileitis), Porcine inestineal adenomatosis, “garden hose gut” are all synonyms for:

Proliferative enteropathy

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Etiology of Proliferative Enteropathy

Lawsonia intracellularis

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Lawsonia intracelullaris is an obligate _____ organisms, and ______ (can or cannot) be grown on artificial media (outside the host).

intracellular; cannot

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Lawsonia intracellularis is almost always in the gut of pigs. True or False.

True

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Proliferative enteropathy causes hemorrhage and ____ of the intestine, primarily the ____.

thickening, ileum

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Acute clinical signs of proliferative enteropathy:

Dark, hemorrhagic diarrhea, pallor, moderate mortality

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Clinical signs of chronic proliferative enteropathy:

Intermittent diarrhea, wasting

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What makes Salmonella different from Proliferative Enteropathy based on pathology?

Salmonellosis affects small AND large intestine; whereas proliferative enteropathy only affects the small intestine, prmarily the ileum

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Is a culture possible to diagnose proliferative enteropathy?

No, becuase L. intracellularis cannot be grown outside the host!

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4 Treatments that seem to be efficacious for preventing and reducing the pathology due to L. intracellularis:

Tylosin
Lincomycin
Tiamulin
Bacitracin (BMD)

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The vaccine for proliferative enteropathy works great. The vaccine is a MLV administered through _____. Therefore, you cannot have antimicrobials in the ____ during vaccine administration.

Water

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Etiology of Swine Dysentery

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae - a spirochete

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Epidemiology of Swine Dysentery

Less common in recent years due to successful control and eradication efforts, however it still occurs sporadically.

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Main transmission of swine dysentery:

Fecal-oral

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Mice can serve as a _____ vector in swine dysentery.

biological

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Can we asymptomatic carriers in swine dysentery?

Yes

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Clinical signs of swine dysentery:

* Severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea * High morbidity * Moderate mortality

Pathology of swine dysentery

* Mucohemorrhagic colitis and typhlitis * Lesions limited to the large intestine

The blood in diarrhea produced with Swine Dysentery is often ____ red, because Swine Dysentery is limited to the large intestin, unlike Proliferative Enteropathy, that is ____ red becuase it is limited to the small intestine.

Bright; Dark

Most common diagnosis of Swine Dysentery

PCR

Not definitive, but a fecal sample can be used for diagnosis, with a _______ stain in order to visualize spirochetes.

Victoria Blue 4-R stain

Swine dysentery is responsive to these three medications:

Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

Eradication of swine dysentery is possible and desirable, which includes depopulation, repopulation, medication, and segregated ____ \_\_\_\_\_ (SEW).

segregated early weaning

Is a vaccine available for Swine Dysentery?

No, a vaccine was approved but is no longer available becuase the efficacy was poor.

Etiology of Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis

*Barchyspira pilisicoli*

Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis is similar in most respects to swine dysentery, except that disease is much _____ (milder or stronger).

Milder

If we see spirochetes with a victorian blue stain on a fecal sample, which two organisms can it be:

Swine dysnetery - *Brachyspira hyodysenteriae* Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis - *Brachyspira pilisocoli* PCR to distinguish between the two

Etiology of whipworms

*Trichuris suis*

Epidemiology of Whipworms

More common in outdoor reared swine (dirt lots)

Clinical signs of whipworms are similar to:

Swine Dysentery (mucohemorrhagic diarrhea)

Pathology of whipworms

Hemorrhagic colitis and typhlitis visible parasites

Red blood and mucus is suggestive of:

swine dysentery or whip worms

Dark, digested blood is suggestive of:

proliferative enteropathy

Rectal strictures and +/- blood are associted with:

Salmonellosis

TGE is not bloody and is often accompanied with vomiting. True or False.

True.

Lesions are limited to what areas of the intestines with dysentery?

Large intestine and cecum only

Salmonella lesions are limited to what parts of the intestine?

Large and small intestine

Proliferative enteropathy - lesions are limited to what parts of the intestines?

Primarily ileum, some proximal large intestine

Button ulcers (focal colonic necrosis) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes are suggestive of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Salmonellosis

Carbadox has been shown to have curative/prophylactic effects on:

Salmonella, dysnetery, ileitis

drug of choice for proliferative ileitis:

tylosin

Three feed/water additives that may have curative or prophylactic effects on swine dysentery:

Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

Neomycin can be used to treat/prophylactically treat:

Salmonella, ileitis

What feed/water additive is effective against whipworms:

Fenbendazole

The vaccination for Lawsonia is administered via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Is it efficacious?

drinking water; good efficacy reports

Are salmonella vaccines efficacious?

The modern vaccines have relatively good efficacy.

Segregated early weaning may break transmission of _______ from breeding herd to grow-finish. SEW will NOT prevent transmission of ______ or \_\_\_\_\_.

* Swine dysentery (brachyspira) * *Lawsonia* or *Salmonella*

Gastric ulcers are associated with ____ \_\_\_\_\_ feed.

Finely ground

Clinical signs of gastric ulcers include anorexia, pallor and ____ feces.

dark

Is there an effective treatment for gastric ulcers?

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic dissease associated with stress. What may increase the risk for HBS?

Irregular feed intake (i.e., feeders run empty) - very stressful!

Feed antibiotics may have _____ effects for HBS.

prophylactic

Gastric ulcers in pigs more frequently occurs in the ______ part of the stomach. And therefore, may be due to _____ reflux.

esophageal