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General GI Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Etiology of Enteric Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium or choleraesuis

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2
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis is _____ to swine and tends to cause ______ disease. Salmonella typhimurium is _______ to swine, and tends to cause ______.

A
  • host-adapted to swine; septicemic disease
  • Non-host adapted; enterocolitis
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3
Q

How is enteric salmonellosis transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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4
Q

All carriers of eteric salmonellosis are symptomatic. True or False.

A

False - disease can cause chronic/asymptomatic carriers

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5
Q

Clinical signs of enteric Salmonellosis

A
  • Vary in severity
  • Yellowish diarrhea, with or without blood and mucus
  • Fever, inappetence, wasting
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6
Q

Enteric Salmonellosis affects which two parts of the intestines?

A

Ileum and Large Intestine

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7
Q

Enteric Salmonellosis has a ____-dependent response to exposure.

A

Dose

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8
Q

Classic pathological lesions of enteric salmonellosis

A
  • Necrosis, thickening, fibrin, plus/minus hemorrhage
  • Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
  • “Button ulcers” and paratyphoid nodules in the liver
  • Rectal strictures and megacolon
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9
Q

Ileitis, Proliferative enteritis (ileitis), Porcine inestineal adenomatosis, “garden hose gut” are all synonyms for:

A

Proliferative enteropathy

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10
Q

Etiology of Proliferative Enteropathy

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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11
Q

Lawsonia intracelullaris is an obligate _____ organisms, and ______ (can or cannot) be grown on artificial media (outside the host).

A

intracellular; cannot

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12
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis is almost always in the gut of pigs. True or False.

A

True

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13
Q

Proliferative enteropathy causes hemorrhage and ____ of the intestine, primarily the ____.

A

thickening, ileum

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14
Q

Acute clinical signs of proliferative enteropathy:

A

Dark, hemorrhagic diarrhea, pallor, moderate mortality

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15
Q

Clinical signs of chronic proliferative enteropathy:

A

Intermittent diarrhea, wasting

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16
Q

What makes Salmonella different from Proliferative Enteropathy based on pathology?

A

Salmonellosis affects small AND large intestine; whereas proliferative enteropathy only affects the small intestine, prmarily the ileum

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17
Q

Is a culture possible to diagnose proliferative enteropathy?

A

No, becuase L. intracellularis cannot be grown outside the host!

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18
Q

4 Treatments that seem to be efficacious for preventing and reducing the pathology due to L. intracellularis:

A
  • Tylosin
  • Lincomycin
  • Tiamulin
  • Bacitracin (BMD)
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19
Q

The vaccine for proliferative enteropathy works great. The vaccine is a MLV administered through _____. Therefore, you cannot have antimicrobials in the ____ during vaccine administration.

A

Water

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20
Q

Etiology of Swine Dysentery

A

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae - a spirochete

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21
Q

Epidemiology of Swine Dysentery

A

Less common in recent years due to successful control and eradication efforts, however it still occurs sporadically.

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22
Q

Main transmission of swine dysentery:

A

Fecal-oral

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23
Q

Mice can serve as a _____ vector in swine dysentery.

A

biological

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24
Q

Can we asymptomatic carriers in swine dysentery?

A

Yes

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25
Q

Clinical signs of swine dysentery:

A
  • Severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea
  • High morbidity
  • Moderate mortality
26
Q

Pathology of swine dysentery

A
  • Mucohemorrhagic colitis and typhlitis
  • Lesions limited to the large intestine
27
Q

The blood in diarrhea produced with Swine Dysentery is often ____ red, because Swine Dysentery is limited to the large intestin, unlike Proliferative Enteropathy, that is ____ red becuase it is limited to the small intestine.

A

Bright; Dark

28
Q

Most common diagnosis of Swine Dysentery

A

PCR

29
Q

Not definitive, but a fecal sample can be used for diagnosis, with a _______ stain in order to visualize spirochetes.

A

Victoria Blue 4-R stain

30
Q

Swine dysentery is responsive to these three medications:

A

Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

31
Q

Eradication of swine dysentery is possible and desirable, which includes depopulation, repopulation, medication, and segregated ____ _____ (SEW).

A

segregated early weaning

32
Q

Is a vaccine available for Swine Dysentery?

A

No, a vaccine was approved but is no longer available becuase the efficacy was poor.

33
Q

Etiology of Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis

A

Barchyspira pilisicoli

34
Q

Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis is similar in most respects to swine dysentery, except that disease is much _____ (milder or stronger).

A

Milder

35
Q

If we see spirochetes with a victorian blue stain on a fecal sample, which two organisms can it be:

A

Swine dysnetery - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis - Brachyspira pilisocoli

PCR to distinguish between the two

36
Q

Etiology of whipworms

A

Trichuris suis

37
Q

Epidemiology of Whipworms

A

More common in outdoor reared swine (dirt lots)

38
Q

Clinical signs of whipworms are similar to:

A

Swine Dysentery (mucohemorrhagic diarrhea)

39
Q

Pathology of whipworms

A

Hemorrhagic colitis and typhlitis visible parasites

40
Q

Red blood and mucus is suggestive of:

A

swine dysentery or whip worms

41
Q

Dark, digested blood is suggestive of:

A

proliferative enteropathy

42
Q

Rectal strictures and +/- blood are associted with:

A

Salmonellosis

43
Q

TGE is not bloody and is often accompanied with vomiting. True or False.

A

True.

44
Q

Lesions are limited to what areas of the intestines with dysentery?

A

Large intestine and cecum only

45
Q

Salmonella lesions are limited to what parts of the intestine?

A

Large and small intestine

46
Q

Proliferative enteropathy - lesions are limited to what parts of the intestines?

A

Primarily ileum, some proximal large intestine

47
Q

Button ulcers (focal colonic necrosis) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes are suggestive of ________.

A

Salmonellosis

48
Q

Carbadox has been shown to have curative/prophylactic effects on:

A

Salmonella, dysnetery, ileitis

49
Q

drug of choice for proliferative ileitis:

A

tylosin

50
Q

Three feed/water additives that may have curative or prophylactic effects on swine dysentery:

A

Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

51
Q

Neomycin can be used to treat/prophylactically treat:

A

Salmonella, ileitis

52
Q

What feed/water additive is effective against whipworms:

A

Fenbendazole

53
Q

The vaccination for Lawsonia is administered via _______. Is it efficacious?

A

drinking water; good efficacy reports

54
Q

Are salmonella vaccines efficacious?

A

The modern vaccines have relatively good efficacy.

55
Q

Segregated early weaning may break transmission of _______ from breeding herd to grow-finish. SEW will NOT prevent transmission of ______ or _____.

A
  • Swine dysentery (brachyspira)
  • Lawsonia or Salmonella
56
Q

Gastric ulcers are associated with ____ _____ feed.

A

Finely ground

57
Q

Clinical signs of gastric ulcers include anorexia, pallor and ____ feces.

A

dark

58
Q

Is there an effective treatment for gastric ulcers?

A

No

59
Q

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic dissease associated with stress. What may increase the risk for HBS?

A

Irregular feed intake (i.e., feeders run empty) - very stressful!

60
Q

Feed antibiotics may have _____ effects for HBS.

A

prophylactic

61
Q

Gastric ulcers in pigs more frequently occurs in the ______ part of the stomach. And therefore, may be due to _____ reflux.

A

esophageal

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