NEMATODES: Trichinelloidea spp. Flashcards
What is the common name for Trichuris spp.?
Whipworm
What end is thicker for Trichuris spp.?
Thick: Posterior end
Thin: Anterior end
Trichuris spp. eggs have two _____ _____, which are prominent on simple fecal flotations.
Polar plugs
What function do polar plugs and also operculums have?
They serve as exit points for the molted larvae to leave the egg
With Trichuris infections, is it common to see the long survival of their eggs in the environment, infected can be intermittent shedders, and centrifugation is often suggested to increase sensitivity?
Yes
What is the predilection site for Trichuris spp.?
Cecum and or large intestine
What pathogenesis is associated with heavy Trichuris spp. infections?
- Diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa, as a result of thin anterior ends embedding into the mucosa
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss
Are Trichuris spp. or Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. zoonotic?
Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp.
Are Capillaria spp. infections pathogenic in companion animals?
No
Are Capillaria spp. possessing direct or indirect life cycles?
Both, as it is dependent on the species
IH: Eartworm (most common)
Eucoleus spp. infections in dogs and cats will include what sites?
Airways, intestinal tract, and bladder
Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. infections in are commonly associated with -?
The alimentary canal
A fecal flotation, following centrifugation, reveals capillarid species Eucoleus. What will this affect?
Nothing, as these species are asymptomatic and relatively non-pathogenic
What species is more severly affected by Capillaria spp. infections?
Birds, e.g. Capillaria obsignata
Eucoleus aerophilus and Pearsonema spp. infects what species?
Dogs, foxes, and cats
What is the predilection site for Eucoleus aerophilus?
The airways of dogs, cats, and foxes
What is the predilection site for Pearsonema spp.?
The bladder of dogs, cats, and foxes
Is Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. or Trichinella spp. zoonotic?
Both
What will occur following the larval establishment of L1s, and their successive molting to become adults in the small intestine?
Mating of the adults (relatively quick die off following), and the production of eggs that molt into L1’s that migrate into striated muscle
What must occur for the encysted larvae to enter the host?
Consumption of raw meat
While Trichinella infections are reportable in 48 states, what clinical signs will be seen in animals?
None
What clinical signs will likely be exhibited by people infected with Trichinella spp.?
- Abdominal discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Muscle pain and tenderness
- Weakness
What diagnostics can be utilized for the identification of Trichinella spp. infections?
- Pooled Sample: exposed to acids
- ELISA
- Squash Preparation: muscle sampes viewed under a microscope
What muscles are often associated with Trichinella larvae encytsted within them?
Diaphragm, Tongue, Masseter
While the _______ cycle refers to the the transmission pattern where the focus is on a swine herds and T. spiralis, the _______ cycle refers to wildlife hosts and also includes all Trichinella species and genotypes.
Domestic
Sylvativ
