NEMATODES: Trichinelloidea spp.

Question 1

What is the common name for Trichuris spp.?

Answer 1

Whipworm

Question 2

What end is thicker for Trichuris spp.?

Answer 2

Thick: Posterior end

Thin: Anterior end

Question 3

Trichuris spp. eggs have two _____ _____, which are prominent on simple fecal flotations.

Answer 3

Polar plugs

Question 4

What function do polar plugs and also operculums have?

Answer 4

They serve as exit points for the molted larvae to leave the egg

Question 5

With Trichuris infections, is it common to see the long survival of their eggs in the environment, infected can be intermittent shedders, and centrifugation is often suggested to increase sensitivity?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is the predilection site for Trichuris spp.?

Answer 6

Cecum and or large intestine

Question 7

What pathogenesis is associated with heavy Trichuris spp. infections?

Answer 7

• Diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa, as a result of thin anterior ends embedding into the mucosa
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss

Question 8

Are Trichuris spp. or Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. zoonotic?

Answer 8

Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp.

Question 9

Are Capillaria spp. infections pathogenic in companion animals?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Are Capillaria spp. possessing direct or indirect life cycles?

Answer 10

Both, as it is dependent on the species

IH: Eartworm (most common)

Question 11

Eucoleus spp. infections in dogs and cats will include what sites?

Answer 11

Airways, intestinal tract, and bladder

Question 12

Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. infections in are commonly associated with -?

Answer 12

The alimentary canal

Question 13

A fecal flotation, following centrifugation, reveals capillarid species Eucoleus. What will this affect?

Answer 13

Nothing, as these species are asymptomatic and relatively non-pathogenic

Question 14

What species is more severly affected by Capillaria spp. infections?

Answer 14

Birds, e.g. Capillaria obsignata

Question 15

Eucoleus aerophilus and Pearsonema spp. infects what species?

Answer 15

Dogs, foxes, and cats

Question 16

What is the predilection site for Eucoleus aerophilus?

Answer 16

The airways of dogs, cats, and foxes

Question 17

What is the predilection site for Pearsonema spp.?

Answer 17

The bladder of dogs, cats, and foxes

Question 18

Is Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. or Trichinella spp. zoonotic?

Answer 18

Both

Question 19

What will occur following the larval establishment of L1s, and their successive molting to become adults in the small intestine?

Answer 19

Mating of the adults (relatively quick die off following), and the production of eggs that molt into L₁’s that migrate into striated muscle

Question 20

What must occur for the encysted larvae to enter the host?

Answer 20

Consumption of raw meat

Question 21

While Trichinella infections are reportable in 48 states, what clinical signs will be seen in animals?

Answer 21

None

Question 23

What clinical signs will likely be exhibited by people infected with Trichinella spp.?

Answer 23

• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Muscle pain and tenderness
• Weakness

Question 24

What diagnostics can be utilized for the identification of Trichinella spp. infections?

Answer 24

• Pooled Sample: exposed to acids
• ELISA
• Squash Preparation: muscle sampes viewed under a microscope

Question 25

What muscles are often associated with Trichinella larvae encytsted within them?

Answer 25

Diaphragm, Tongue, Masseter

Question 26

While the _______ cycle refers to the the transmission pattern where the focus is on a swine herds and T. spiralis, the _______ cycle refers to wildlife hosts and also includes all Trichinella species and genotypes.

Answer 26

Domestic

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