INSECTS: Diptera - Tabanidae, Hippoboscidae, Culicidae, and Oestridae spp.

Question 1

What characteristics are associated with Oestreidae spp.?

Answer 1

• Large, hairy, and short-lived
• Non-functional mouthparts
• Obligatory, host specific, parasitic larvae

Question 2

What is the common name for Cuterebra spp.?

Answer 2

Rodent or Rabbit bot fly, or New World skin bot fly

Question 3

Who are the hosts for Cuterebra spp.?

Answer 3

Rodents, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, dogs, and cats

Question 4

Are Cuterebra spp. zoonotic?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Cuterebra spp. can be identified based on -?

Answer 5

Their thrid instar, or larvae, and the season

Question 6

What is present on the third instar of Cuterebra spp.?

Answer 6

Black spines

Question 7

True or False: Veterinary practicioners will occasionally remove young Cuterebra larvae from animals, and because of their small size and white color, they can be misidentified.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Where will Cuterebra be found in the host?

Answer 8

In SQ CT’s, in the oral and nasal regions (where instars can potentialy migrate to the brain)

Question 9

What pathogenesis is associated with Cuterebra infestations?

Answer 9

Fibrotic cysts forming around the instar in SQ tissues, and in cats instars can migrate to the brain leading to an infarction

Question 10

What clinical signs are associated with Cuterebra infestations?

Answer 10

Lumps in neck, fur constantly wet, Type 1 hypersensitivty, and holes dripping fluids from cysts

Question 11

What is the common name for Hypoderma spp.?

Answer 11

Warble fly, Heel fly, Ox warble

Question 12

What is the common name for Hypoderma larvae or instars?

Answer 12

Cattle grub

Question 13

You identify multiple eggs laid in lines on the distal thoracic limb, and instars in the submucosa of the esophagus. What species of Hypoderma do you suspect?

Answer 13

H. lineatum

Question 14

You identify eggs laid singly in the epidural fat along the spinal cord. Whay Hypoderma spp. do you suspect?

Answer 14

H. bovis

Question 15

Where can third instars be found in cattle?

Answer 15

Found in lumps or warbles, on the backs of cattle in spring

Question 16

When are H. lineatum and H. bovis active?

Answer 16

• H. lineatum* = Early summer
• H. bovis* = Late summer

Question 17

\While Hypoderma infestations can lead to skin damage and carcass downgrade, what can infestations of H. lineatum and H. bovis lead to prior to death?

Answer 17

H. lineatum can lead to bloat (then death), and H. bovis can lead to toxin production and paraplegia

Question 18

Timing and what medication can be utilized for treament of Hypoderma spp.?

Answer 18

MCL’s

Question 19

What is the common name of Oestrus ovis?

Answer 19

Sheep nasal bot

Warble fly of sheep

Question 20

Who are the common hosts of O. ovis?

Answer 20

Sheep, goats, llamas, and people

Question 21

True or False: Sheep nasal bots lack mouth parts.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Describe the life cycle of O. ovis?

Answer 22

• 1st instars are deposited in host nostrils
• Overwinter stage
• Developing instars feed on mucus
• Migrate to frontal sinsuses developing into 2nd and 3rd instars
• Sneezed out, and pupate to become adults in environment

Question 23

What pathogenesis is associated with O. ovis?

Answer 23

• Malaise
• Loss of weight
• Irritation and inflammation due to instar hooks and spines
• Snotty nose, increased nasal discharge
• Secondary bacterial infections

Question 24

Abherrant instar migration can lead to them entering the -?

Answer 24

Brain cavity

Question 25

When can MCL’s be administered for treatment of Hypoderma infestations?

Answer 25

Late summer or early fall, and then again midwinter